Patho- Inflammation 1.txt

Inflammation is magnified in tissues with _____________, such as... (3)

Inflammatory reactions are oriented around ________ and the _____________.

Inflammation must occur in ____________.

5 hallmarks of inflammation.

5 etiologies of inflammation.

Morphologic features of inflammation. (6)

Inflammation is minimal in ____________.

Local vascular responses are modulated by... (2)

The most critical initiating event of local vascular responses to inflammation.

The activation target of many inflammatory mediators are the _____________ in _______________.

___________ is the most important factor for acute inflammations.

_____________ is the most important factor for chronic inflammations.

Peracute inflammation is ________, and there are ____________ changes.

Acute inflammation is _________, and there are ______________ changes.

Subacute is ___________, and there are ______________ changes.

Chronic is _________, and there are _______________ changes.

With chronic active inflammation, there is _____________ with an ongoing _______________.

Exudative inflammation is defined by its ____________.

5 types of exudative inflammation.

Proliferative inflammation is a _____________ reaction, causing ____________.

3 presentations of acute mixed inflammation.

2 presentations of mixed acute and chronic inflammation.

A surface inflammatory process that penetrates into the epithelial layer and has a pale lesion bed that does not bleed.

A surface inflammatory process that penetrates through the epithelial layer and has a red and raw wound.

A process where necrosis is a major part of the process.

Inflammation is essential for ______________, but it is detrimental in that it can ________________.

Type of acute inflammation in which the exudate includes substantial mucus from inflamed epithelia.

Type of acute inflammation in which the exudate includes many PMNs.

Type of subacute inflammation in which exudate includes mainly lymphocytes.

Type of subacute inflammation in which exudate includes lymphocytes and locally made plasma cells.

4 types of chronic inflammation.

Type of chronic active inflammation in which exudate includes macrophages and PMNs.

Neutrophils have a ___________ nucleus in mature cells; immature cells are __________; the cytoplasm is ___(2)___.

____________ are the first responders of the innate immune system, especially against ___________.

What are the 2 distinct pools of neutrophils?

What are the antimicrobial functions of neutrophils? (2)

Neutrophil function is reduced in ___________ environments.

Function of neutrophils is controlled by __________ and _________.

_______________ is the predominant inflammatory cell component in purulent and suppurative inflammations.

Monocytes are the __________ form.

Inactive monocyte descendants in tissue interstitial spaces; indistinguishable from fibroblasts.

Dendritic cells are __________ that are _____________.

_____________ are the main phagocytic form in tissues.

A specialized form of macrophage in wounds to facilitate debris removal and wound repair.

The nucleus of monocytes/macs is ___(2)___; the cytoplasm is _________ with __(2)__.

The cytoplasmic borders of hitsiocytes are __________.

What type of monocyte/mac may fuse to form multinucleated giant cells?

____________ are the main late responders of the innate immune system.

Macrophages bridge the gap b/w the initial __________ and the rise of the _________.

Macrophages are prominent players in ____________ reactions.

What are the antimicrobial functions of monocytes/macrophages? (2)

Macs are courses of many ______(2)______.

Macrophages can remain active in ___________ environments, which are predominant in chronic inflammatory reactions.

____________ are the primary drivers of the acquired immune response.

Type of lymphocyte that is an effector that tends to stay at the site of differentiation.

Type of lymphocyte that control immune responses.

The nucleus of lymphocytes is ___(4)___; they cytoplasm is __(2)__.

Lymphocytes dominate in _____________ lesions.

Lymphocytes orient to the _________ of __________ inflammatory lesions.

Phenomenon describing the the fact that lymphocytes may get no further than the vascular adventitial spaces due to their limited motility.

What are the main functions of lymphocytes? (3)

What are the common sites of nonsuppurative inflammation? (7)

Mediate cytotoxic responses directed against intracellular pathogens.

Mediate antibody production against extracellular pathogens and bacterial toxins.

Mediate anti-microbial immunity at epithelial/mucosal surfaces.

Cytotoxic innate immune cell that can kills pathogens without prior immune exposure and do no require MHC.

Major effectors in anaphylactic reactions, hypersensitivity disease, and metazoan parasite infections.

Eosinophils secrete ___________ that suppress _____________.

Granules of eosinophils are rich in... (3)

Mast cells are found in ______________; they play a direct role in regulation of _____________; they play an indirect role in control of ___________; they also produce _______ to stimulate a Th2 response.

Endothelia express _________ in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The endothelial basement membrane provides a hold for _____________ and a substrate for launching the ______________.

The endothelium is an important source of _________ for the clotting cascade and ___________ to oppose pro-coagulant platelets.

Fibroblasts can live in environments with ______________.

Sheets of plump fibroblasts in association with new capillaries and scattered inflammatory cells.

Dense connective tissue with few cells and essentially no inflammation; end stage.

Fibroblasts can act a ___________ to produce adipocytes, osteoblasts, and smooth muscle cells (metaplasia).

Soluble substances that interact with cell receptors to induce biological responses.

What are the 3 general functions of mediators?

Soluble substances that interact with cell receptors to induce biological responses.

The predominant roles of cytokines are __________, including... (3)

Two functions of cytokines.

Soluble heparin-binding polypeptides from inflammatory cells and parenchymal cells that attract and sometimes also activate leukocytes.

-C-X-C are ______ family chemokines that are chemotactic for _______.

-X-C-C-X are _______ family chemokines that are chemotactic for ____(3)____.

-C- are ________ family chemokines that are chemotactic for ____(2)____.

___________ but not __________ facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation, tend to be pre-formed, and act on both differentiated and stem cell populations.

Major classes of cytokines involved in chronic inflammation. (5)