Science Revision YEAR 9.txt

• 1.The particles are arranged in regular patterns
• 2.They are held tightly together and cannot move
• 3.They move back and forward

• 1.Particles arranged together, but not in a regular way
• 2.The particles are not so tightly held together as solids
• 3.The particles are able to flow and change places freely

• 1. Particles are far apart from each other
• 2. They are not arranged in any particular way
• 3. Weak forces holding them together

It is the change when a solid mixes with a liquid to make a transparent solution

In your blood, it carries food particles dissolved in it to all parts of your body.

Solubility increases

Soluble

Insoluble

A solution is a mixture (for example) of salt and water is clear, you cannot see the salt. It has dissolved.

The solid that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution

The liquid in which the solute dissolves in

• Stirring
• Warm water
• Small particles

A measure of how much solute will dissolve in a set amount of solvent at a set temperature.

A saturated solution is a solution in which the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute to increase the concentration of the solution.

Processes used by scientists to obtain pure substances or to isolate them from other substances.

A mixture is made from different substances that are not chemically joined together.

In a compound, two or more different elements are joined together chemically

They are the simplest form of molecule. Made up of neutrons, protons and electrons.

Two or more atoms joined together

These contain the same type of atom. They cannot be split into simpler substances.

The clear liquid that runs out of the filter.

The solid that is left behind

Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from its liquid form to its vapor form. It is used to seperate a soluble solid from a liquid

It is gas turning into liquid, usually as a result of cooling.

Immisicble

Chemically combined with water

Add a few drops of liquid to Dehydrated Copper Sulphate. If it is water it will go from WHITE-BLUE

BLUE-WHITE

• Copper- drink cans and pipes
• Gold and silver- jewellrey and electronic circuits
• Crude oil- plastic and fuels

• 1. Evaporation
• 2. Filtration
• 3. Crystallisation
• 4. Distillation
• 5. Fractional Distillation
• 6. Chromatography
• 7. Seperating funnel

It has tiny holes in it that lets the liquid through but not the solid particles. It acts like a sieve

It is a mixture in which fine insoluble particles are suspended in a liquid and are held up by buoyancy (the ability to float)

Filtration

When the solid you want to obtain is soluble.

EG. Oil and vinegar or oil and water

With a seperating funnel and gradually it will seperate

• 1. Oil and water
• 2. Oil and vinegar
• 3. Lava lamp

Distillation is used for seperating the solvent from the solution.

It works by the solvent evaporating, gas hits a condenser and then turns into a liquid.

To seperate green colouring from green water

The solvent with the higher boiling point

78 C

It is to seperate liquids if their boiling points are close together

A fractionating column is used. It's usually packed with glass beads which increases the speed of condensation of the glasses

The oil industry (crude oil)

• The lower boiling point gases rise to the top (eg petrol) and can be extracted. The higher boiling point gases can be extracted at different points on the column.
• 

Justus von Liebig

Chromatography

Each substance travels through the solid at its own pace

To Transfer visual information to the brain

Controls light levels inside the eye

It helps shield the eye from germs and other harmful matters

To change the focus of objects that are at different distances

To receive light focused from the lens and convert it into neural signals to the brain

It will tend to move quickly with the solvent and not stick to the paper until later than the others that are less soluble.

• Protein
• Fat
• Carbohydrates
• Dietary Fibre
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water

Malnutrition and starvation

Growth, repair and maintenance of body cells.

Energy, protection and insulation

Energy

• VITAMIN C- scurvy
• VITAMIN D- rickets

component of teeth and bones

It is when you do not eat a balanced diet.

helps food move along digestive system

To keep us hydrated,transporting substances in blood cooling the body and chemical reactions

Benedicts solution and blue-brick red

Iodine and yellow/brown-blue/black

Buiret and blue-purple

Alchohol and water and clear-milky white emulsion

32

• Enamel
• Dentine
• Pulp cavity

Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of insoluble food into small, soluble molecules so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Respiration

• INGESTION
• DIGESTION
• ABSORPTION
• ASSIMILATION
• EGESTION

Taking food into the mouth where it is physically broken down to smaller lumps to be able to swallow it

Digestion is the process of breaking down large insoluble food molecules to soluble molecules, this happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine

The process by which the soluble products pass across the wall of the small intestine and into the blood

Undigested food is eventually passed out of the body via the anus

Kills bacteria taken in with the food

Wave vibrations are at 90 degrees to the direction of the energy of the wave.

Water and light waves.

Wave vibrations are in the same direction as the energy of the wave.

Earthquakes and sound waves.

How "loud" it is. It's half the height from peak to trough.

Its units are metres.

The number of waves or vibrations which pass a point in 1 second

Metres per second

• Umbra:a dark shadow with sharp edges formed by a small light source
• Penumbra:The fuzzy shadow that surrounds the dark centre.

• Potassium
• Sodium
• Lithium
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Zinc
• Iron
• Lead
• Copper
• Silver
• Gold

Yes

No