Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
C) transport air to and from the cells and tissues throughout the body
Which selection includes only upper respiratory tract components?
A) nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
The lower respiratory tract extends from the ____________ to the ____________, inclusive.
D) larynx; alveoli
The functional division of the respiratory system that transports air (as opposed to exchanging gases with the blood) is called the
C) conducting portion
Air filtration and conditioning, olfaction, and sound resonance are all functions of the
A) nasal cavity
Which term describes the part of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose?
B) vestibule
What composes the nasal septum?
D) all of the above
The passages that conduct air from the vestibule to the internal nares are the
D) superior, middle, and inferior meatuses
Regions of the pharynx include which of the following?
D) all of the above
Which selection correctly pairs a pharyngeal region with its lining?
B) oropharynx; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A short, somewhat cylindrical airway with cartilaginous walls stabilized by ligaments and muscles best describes which of the following?
A) larynx
Cartilages of the larynx include all of the following except the
D) lateral cartilages and alar cartilages
The spoon-shaped ____________, composed mostly of elastic cartilage, closes over the laryngeal opening when a person swallows.
B) epiglottis
The posterior wall of the trachea consists of
D) both b and c
The carina of the trachea is an internal ridge formed by
C) the inferior most tracheal cartilage
Compared with the left primary bronchus, the right primary bronchus is
A) wider
Each primary bronchus divides to form secondary bronchi, which in turn branch to form
B) segmental bronchi
All of the lung tissue supplied by a single tertiary bronchus is called a
C) bronchopulmonary segment
The walls of which parts of the bronchial tree contain no cartilage and are instead dominated by smooth muscle tissue?
B) terminal bronchioles
Which of the following is false regarding the respiratory membrane?
B) oxygen cannot diffuse through the membrane and so must be actively transported
On each side of the chest, the ____________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall, while the ____________ pleura tightly covers the lung.
A) parietal; visceral
In normal, unforced breathing, ____________ involves muscular contractions while ____________ requires no active muscular effort.
B) inhalation, exhalation
Which muscles of respiration are used during normal quiet breathing?
D) external intercostals and diaphragm
Which muscles assist exhalation by depressing the ribs?
B) internal intercostals, transversus thoracis, and serratus posterior inferior
All of the following are true of the fetal respiratory system except
C) the lungs and conducting passageways contain small amounts of air
Sympathetic and parasympathetic axons that surround the primary bronchi and enter the lungs at the hilum compose the
B) pulmonary plexus
Which pair does not correctly match a regulatory respiratory center with its location?
D) inspiratory center, midbrain
Which regulatory center of the brain establishes the rate and depth of both inspiration and expiration?
B) respiratory center
Inspiration is inhibited in two ways by the
C) pneumotaxic center
The elastic tissues in the lungs and thoracic cavity wall deteriorate with advancing age, resulting in
A) less efficient gas exchange within the lungs
The respiratory system assists the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in
D) all of the above
Which pair does not correctly match a respiratory passageway with its primary opening(s) for receiving inhaled air?
B) oropharynx; fauces
Of the following, which structure is a component of both the lower respiratory tract and the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
C) larynx
Which one of the following does not accurately characterize the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?
C) goblet cells and mucous glands in the lamina propria secrete a watery, lubricating fluid
Which pair are lined with the same two different kinds of epithelia?
A) pharynx and larynx
Which structure consists of a narrow opening with ligamentous lateral walls that both guard the passage into the lower respiratory tract and vibrate to produce sound?
A) glottis
The lining of the trachea consists of a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and an underlying lamina propria; together, these constitute the
B) mucosa
Which paranasal sinuses are located deepest within the skull, or farthest posterior to the face?
B) sphenoid
Which statement about the respiratory tract is false?
A) the upper respiratory tract includes components of both functional portions
Even if all the defenses in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract fail, ____________ may still destroy pathogens before they can enter the body fluids.
D) alveolar macrophages
An important function of the fluid in the pleural cavity is to
A) reduce friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae
Branches or tributaries of which vessels carry oxygenated blood through the tissues of the lungs?
B) pulmonary veins and bronchial arteries
Autonomic stimulation via the vagus nerves causes what response within the lungs?
A) bronchoconstriction
Impulses transmitted by the ____________ nerves cause the smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles to ____________.
D) cardiac; relax
In the control of respiration by the regulatory centers of the brain, what stimulates activity in the dorsal respiratory group?
A) output from the apneustic center or VRG
Arrange the following to reflect the path of airflow that results from activation of the VRG (some structures are omitted): (1) terminal bronchiole (2) segmental bronchus (3) primary bronchus (4) alveolar duct (5) trachea
A) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
According to Boyle's law, intrapulmonary pressure should ____________ when the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract.
D) decrease
In prematurely born infants, hyaline membrane disease is associated with inadequate production of ____________ by ____________ cells.
C) surfactant; alveolar type II
Babies that sleep on their stomachs are now known to be at greater risk of
B) SIDS (crib death)
Ultimately, the harmful effects of cystic fibrosis are attributable to ____________, caused by a defective gene.
D) osmotic imbalance in gland cells
Which of the following result from the presence of free air in the pleural cavity?
A) pneumothorax and atelectasis
Of the following, which condition most directly involves structures in the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?
A) emphysema
Smoking is a very dangerous habit because
D) all of the above
Which type of lung cancer has histological ties to the nervous and endocrine systems and tends to metastasize very early?
C) small-cell carcinoma
Asthma is most similar to ____________ localized in the bronchi and bronchioles.
A) an immune response
The visceral pleura covers the
B) outer surface of the lung.
An area common to both the respiratory and digestive systems through which food, drink, and air pass is the
D) oropharynx.
Which statement is false about the trachea?
C) It is lined with a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Which structure is the last, smallest portion of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
D) terminal bronchiole
Which is not a function of the paranasal sinuses?
A) gas exchange
The _____ cartilage of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence.
A) thyroid
The C-shaped cartilages in the trachea
B) prevent the trachea from collapsing.
Which of the following is not a muscle of inspiration?