-
non-numeric or narrative info
qualitative data
-
numeric or quantifiable info (ex: weights of kindergartners)
quantitative
-
variable the researcher manipulates
independent variable
-
the variable the researcher is attempting to prove.
dependent variable
-
infinite number of values between two points
cannot be 1.5 children, etc...
discrete variable
-
has, in theory, an infinite number of values between two points
ex: body temp
continuous variable
-
NOIR
- nominal
- ordinal
- interval
- ratio
-
lowest level
assigns characteristics into categories
nominal or named variable
-
next in hierarchy of measurement
rank order of variable along some dimension
ordinal or Order
-
attribute is rank-ordered on a scale that has equal distances between points on that scale
interval = equal distances
-
equal distances between score units and which has a true, meaningful zero point
(a true ratio can be calculated)
ratio measurement
-
higher levels of measurement provide ...
- more information
- can be analyzed with more powerful stat tools
-
a subset of a population
ideally selected to be representative of the population
sample
-
the entire set of individuals having common characteristics
population
-
used to describe and summarize data set
allows us to describe, compare, determine a relationship
usually straightforward
descriptive
-
draw conclusion about a single variable in a population
evaluate relationships between variables
are the relationships "real"?
inferential
-
Type of stat that measures:
existence of relationship between x and y
magnitude of the strength of relationship
the nature of the relationship
inferential stats
-
one variable being described
univariate
-
two variables being compared
bivariate
-
more that two variables being compared
multivariate
-
Name the two kinds of frequency
-
symbol: f
number of times a score occurs
absolute frequency
-
most commonly percent %=(f/N) X 100
proportion of times a score occurs
relative frequency
-
Name the 5 basic shapes of charts
- modality
- symmetry and skewness
- kurtosis
- central tendency
- variability
-
modality
- peaks or high points in the data
- unimodal
- bimodal
- multimodal
-
draw a line through the center and produces mirro images
symmetrical
-
distribution is lopsided or skewed
asymmetrical
-
the skewed tail points to the right
positive skewness
-
the skewed tail points to the left
negative skewness
-
refers to how pointy the peak of distribution
how concentrated the middle of the distribution
- kurtosis
- platykurtic (low, flattened)
- leptokurtotic (high narrow)
-
Ideal distribution
bell-shaped curve
unimodal
symmetrical
normal distribution
-
when do you use a bar graph?
discrete info
-
when do you use a histogram
continuous info
-
the point at 25% below and 75% above the median
Quartile 1 (Q1)
-
the point at 50% below and 50% above the median
Quartile 2 (Q2)
-
the point at 75% below and 25% above the median
Quartile 3 (Q3)
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