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who developed the three laws of planetary motion (also discovered planets didn't travel in circles)
Johannes Kepler
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What means the closest point to the sun
perihelion
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farthest point from the sun
aphelion
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term used to express units of length (distance between earth and sun)
astronomical units
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what force of attraction that exists between any two objects
gravity
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What astronomer wrote book Almagest mathematically described geometric view of the universe
Ptolemy
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popularized a heliocentric system
Aristarchus
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polish astronomer who proposed heliocentric system
Nicolaus Copernicus
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an astronomer that discovered the fazes of Venus that helped prove a heliocentric view
Galileo
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sun planets and moons orbit the sun form
solar system
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What is the fastest planet
mercury
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what term means moving backward from east to west
retrograde
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what is the distance between the earth and the sun
93,000,000 mi.
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space that does not contain any matter
vacuum
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what does the word planet mean
"wanders"
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what are Kepler three laws of planetary motion
1. every planet orbits the sun in an ellipse, with the sun as one focus of the ellipse and an empty point in space as the other
2. as a planet moves closer to the sun, it travels faster; and as it moves farther away, it sows down.
3. the farther a planet's average distance from the sun , the longer its period.
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an object that revolves around another object is
satellite
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when the sun is blocked by the moon
solar eclipse
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the moons dark patches ; also means "seas"
maria or mare
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astronomer who discovery of the phases of Venus helped prove the heliocentric view
Galileo
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what is the largest known volcano in the solar system.
Olympus Mons
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what planet has the moon Ganymede, largest moon in solar system
Jupiter
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what are the two moon of Mars
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the point in a plane's orbit that is farthest from the sun is called
aphelion
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the point in a planet's orbit that is closest to the sun is called
perihelion
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name the first new planet discovered that is an outer planet with retrograde rotation
Uranus
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which asteroids travel before and behind the planet Jupiter
Trojan Belt
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what are small chunks of rock or metal in space
meteoroids
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What is a meteoroid that has entered the earths atmosphere
meteor
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Meteor that has landed on the earths surface
Meteorite
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what is an asteroid-size object that is made of tock and frozen materials and forms a bright tail
comet
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term for asteroids located in the inner solar system
NEAs (near-earth asteroids)
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dust and gas that form a cloud around the senter of a comet
coma
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imaginary sphere with earth at center and hevenly bodies on its inner cerface
celestial sphere
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line that separates visible portion of celestial sphere from part that we can't see
horizon
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what imaginary zone in the sky contains the sun, moon, and planets
zodiac
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what did astronomers call the 88 different zones of the celestial sphere
constellations
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period of time the moon takes to orbit the earth
lunar month
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what constellation contains the North Star or also known as Polaris
Little Dipper (Ursa Minor)
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what is the brightest summer star
Vega
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which asterism is found between constellations Pegasus and Andromeda
Great Square
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what is the brightest constellation and has the star Bellatrix
Orion
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brightest star in the heavens and part of the Canis Major
Sirius
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small group of stars used to form a picture of object are
asterisms
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what is the most familiar sight in the Southern sky
Crux (Southern Cross)
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prominent asterism contains stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair
Summer Triangle
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what is the visible part of the sun
Photosphere
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what is the high-speed stream of particles beating against the outer layer of the Earth's atmosphere
Solar Wind
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tremendous bursts of energy caused by magnetic stress within the sun
solar flares
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three spheres of the chromosphere
- 1. spicules
- 2. solar flares
- 3. solar prominences
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flame like columbs of gas continualy erupting from the lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere
spicules
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outer most layer of the sun's atmosphere
corona
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what is the apparent change in position of an object caused by the actual change in the position of the observer
parallax
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observed brightness that a star would have to an observer located 10 parsec away is the ?
absolute magnitude
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term that is short for parallax second
parsec
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what are the dark patches on the sun caused by the sun's magnetic field
sunspots
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what is the brightness of a star as it appears to a observer on the earth
apparent magnitude
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"bubbles" that cover the surface of the photosphere
granules
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larger than normal convection sells that cover the sun's surface and last 12 to 24 hours
supergranules
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term for star always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location
circumpolar
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thin layer of sun's atmosphere that releases ultra violet radiation
region
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to determin the distance to a star astronomers measure what angle
stellar parallax
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what is a system where to stars are bound together by gravity
binary star
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what is a massive star system containing millions to billions of stars as well as gas and dust
galaxy
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what is the largest galaxy in the Local Group
Andromeda Galaxy
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what galaxy shape is the Milky Way
barred spiral
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large cloud of gas and dust in space
nebula
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to determine the distance to a star, astronomers measure what angle
Stellar Parallax
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