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3 ways to use monoclonal antibodies in tumor therapy
- 1) add mAb which binds tumor cell. Phagocytes bind Fc region and kill cell
- 2) couple mAb with a toxin that kills tumor cell
- 3) couple mAb with an enzyme that coverts a prodrug to active drug
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adjuvents used in tumor therapy to increase immune response
BCG, muramyl tripeptide
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interferon alpha
used in tumor treatment. works by activating signaling pathways and increasing MHCI expression
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interferon gamma
released by TH1 cells. increases macrophage and NK cytotoxicity by increasing MHCI/II expression. can be used in cancer treatment
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TNF-alpha
secreted by macrophages. cytotoxic to tumor cell
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three phases of immunosurveillance
elimination, equilibration, and escape
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hyper IgM syndrome
T-cells lack CD40L. thus, they can't induce the B-cells to make different Ig's. Result: only IgM made.
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ataxia telangiectasia
reduced T-cell function and some Ig classes are deficent. Due to inability to repair DNA
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Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome
X-linked. T-cells make ineffective response to antigen.
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If you have a problem with your B-cells, infections will mostly be caused by...
bacteria (high grade antigens)
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If you have a problem with your T-cells, infections will mostly be caused by...
fungi, virus (low grade)
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If you have a problem with your phagocytic cells, infections will mostly be caused by...
bacteria of low virulence, pyogenic organisms
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If you have a problem with your complement cells, infections will mostly be caused by...
pyogenic microorganisms
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