-
1. In terms of function, functionalists or consensus
theorists believe that the law is value-laden (i.e.,
the law will safeguard the values of certain populations only) because it will
just protect the benefits of the ruling class.
T F
F
1. change “Functionalists/consensus” to “Conflict”
-
2. Conflict theorists argue that the law
is a reflection of social justice. Therefore, it can serve as a tool of
dispute-settling.
T F
F
2. change “Conflict” to “Consensus”
-
3. Differential
oppression theorists argue that some teenagers will commit delinquent acts if
they are excessively oppressed/controlled by adults. Of the various delinquent
actions, suicide is classified as passive acceptance.
T F
F
3. change “passive acceptance” to “retaliation”
-
4. The notion of imperatively coordinated
associations is proposed by Richard Quinney.
T F
F
4. change “Richard Quinney” to “Ralf Dahrendorf”
-
5. According to Dahrendorf,
inter-group conflict is less likely to take place if competing
groups strongly identify with different cultures and/or social
norms/values.
T F
F
5. change “less likely” to “more likely”
-
6. Instrumental Marxists believe that to
solve the problem of crime, the capitalist system must be replaced by the socialist
structure.
T F
T
-
7. Based on the concept of imperatively
coordinated associations, we basically can identify two major social
classes in America-B the command and the obey classes.
T F
T
-
8. According to John Hagan=s power control theory, female delinquents are more
likely to come from families organized around the principle of patriarchy.
T F
F
8. change “patriarchy” to “egalitarianism/matriarchy”
-
9. If we use instrumental Marxism to classify crimes,
then property offenses (embezzlement, burglary, identity theft, shoplifting...)
should be considered as crimes of resistance.
T F
F
9. change “resistance” to “accommodation”
-
10. According to structural Marxism, the root cause of
crime comes from institutionalized/structuralized inequality and
alienation.
T F
T
-
11. John Hagan’s
power control theory implies that middle-class families in America usually
are organized around the philosophy of egalitarianism.
T F
F
11. change “egalitarianism” to “patriarchy”
-
12. Austin Turk argues that the process of
criminalization involves three conditions. Legal consensus shared by law enforcement
agents is one of such conditions.
T F
T
-
13. Crimes of accommodation, among
others, include revolutionary movements and political assassinations.
T F
F
13. change “Crimes of accommodation” to “Crimes of resistance”
-
14. John Hagan’s
power-control theory includes six possible familial patterns. The following
category is believed to be atypical:
husband: a member of
command class; wife: not employed
T F
F
14. reverse the position of husband and wife
-
15. According to Dahrendorf, the greater the ability
that competing parties can mobilize and use social resources (manpower, money,
information...), the lower the possibility that inter-group conflict
will take place.
T F
F
15. change “lower” to “higher”
-
16. According to Dahrendorf, the higher the ability
that competing parties can reach/develop agreements, the lower
the possibility that inter-group conflict will take place.
T F
T
-
17. According to Dahrendorf, the higher the ability
that competing parties can communicate with each other, the higher
the possibility that inter-group conflict will take place.
T F
F
17. change “higher” to “lower”
-
18. According to radical feminism, the root cause of
crimes comes from government suppression.
T F
F
- 18. change “government
- suppression” to “patriarchy”
-
19. According to Turk, the stronger the power of
resisters (e.g.,
participants of anti-war movement), the higher the possibility that the behaviors of such resisters will be criminalized by law enforcement
authorities.
T F
F
19. change “higher” to “lower”
-
20. According to Turk, the higher the extent to which
law enforcement authorities share the same meanings toward a certain act (e.g., voyeurism or child molestation), the lower
the possibility that that behavior will be criminalized by the authorities
T F
F
20. change “lower” to “higher”
-
21. The underlying philosophy of liberal feminism is chivalry
hypothesis.
T F
F
21. change “chivalry hypothesis” to “conflict theory”
-
22. Ian Taylor is a Marxist theorist/radical
criminologist.
T F
T
-
23. Jock Young is a Marxist theorist/radical
criminologist.
T F
T
-
24. According to Richard Quinney (a
conflict theorist), there is a close relationship between political power and
legal definitions of crime.
T F
T
-
25. According to postmodern criminologists, some
criminological theories can provide a comprehensive description about criminal
behavior.
T F
F
25. change “some” to “no”
-
26. The concept replacement discourse is
suggested by feminist sociologists.
T F
F
- 26. change “feminist sociologists” to “
- post-modern sociologists
-
27. According to peacemaking criminologists, America’s
criminal justice system is very lenient in the modern world.
T F
F
27. change “lenient” to “harsh”
-
28. To an extent, peacemaking criminologists are
humanitarians.
T F
T
-
29. Which of the following uses consensus/functionalist
perspective to define the nature of law?
a.
Karl Marx
b.
Emile Durkheim
c.
William Chambliss
d.
Richard Quinney
e.
Austin Turk
B
-
30. According to instrumental Marxism, which of the
following is a crime of control?
a.
illegal arrest
b.
violation of
labor safety law
c.
environmental
pollution
d.
political
assassination
e.
massacre
A
-
31. Which of the following is NOT an element of
patriarchy?
a.
patrilineal
descent
b.
male superiority
c.
associated role
of female
d.
sex privilege for
male
e.
matrilineal
descent
E
-
32. According to power control theory, the pattern of
upper-class/high-income families is closer to ________.
a.
feminism
b.
polygamy
c.
patriarchy
d.
cultural
relativism
e.
egalitarianism
E
-
33. If we use the perspective of instrumental Marxism to
analyze the nature of law, then we can infer that America=s criminal justice system, in one way or another, is
controlled/influenced by ________.
a. Hollywood
superstars
b. top lawyers of American
Bar Association
c. chief executive officers
of big companies
d. high-ranking military
generals
e. all of the above
E
-
34. In criminology/delinquency
study, which of the following is based on the philosophy of left idealism?
a. biological
theory
b. strain
theory
c. rational
choice theory
d. instrumental
Marxism
e. subculture
theory
D
-
35. In criminology/delinquency
study, which of the following is based on the philosophy of left idealism?
a. labeling
theory
b. structural
Marxism
c. social
disorganization theory
d. subculture
theory
e. a
and b
E
-
36. ________ believe that the law
is a tool of peace making.
a.
Consensus
theorists/Functionalists
b.
Pluralists
c.
Conflict
theorists
d.
Symbolic
interactionists
e.
a and b
E
-
37. Which of the following is a point focused by postmodern criminologists?
a.
the reform of
penal system
b.
female
criminality
c.
the language used
in legal codes
d.
the modification
of biological theories
e.
the creation of
new prisons
C
-
38. The major concern of
socialist/Marxist feminists is to determine the ________ of female labor.
a.
change
b.
contribution
c.
feature
d.
value
e.
nature
D
-
39. According to feminists, which
of the following is NOT traditionally considered to be a feminine
attribute?
a.
sentimental
b.
docile
c.
rational
d.
attractive
e.
submissive
C
-
40. Which statement about differential oppression in the
following is INCORRECT?
a. adults tend to view
children as troublemakers
b. adults usually will
discourage children to invent new things
c. adults tend to see
children as inferior
d. adults tend to
over-emphasize order
e. adults tend to downplay
formal education
E
-
41. According to differential oppression theory, one of
the possible delinquent actions taken by teenagers to respond to adults’ excessive control/oppression is vandalism.
Such an act should be classified as ________.
a.
passive
acceptance
b.
manipulation of
peers
c.
exercise of
illegal coercive power
d.
retaliation
e.
active acceptance
D
-
42. Which of the following is NOT a conflict
theorist?
a.
Willem Bonger
b.
Ralf Dahrendorf
c.
Erving Goffman
d.
Barry Krisberg
e.
Austin Turk
C
-
43. Which of the following is a peace-making
criminologist?
a.
Harold Pepinsky
b.
William Chambliss
c.
C. Wright Mils
d.
Robert Wuthnow
e.
Jock Young
A
-
44. Both (classic) rational choice
theorists and peace-making criminologists believe that
________.
a. working-class people are
more likely to commit crime
b. upper-class people are more
likely to get involved in inter-group conflict
c. young people are more likely
to join social movements
d. lower-class people are more
likely to be arrested by the police
e. harsh punishments cannot
deter crime
E
-
45. Comparatively, _______ class
people are less likely to use conflict perspective to
explain the nature of law (i.e., they prefer to preserve the status quo).
a.
working-
b.
upper-
c.
lower middle-
d.
middle-
e.
lower-
B
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