-
Auricularis muscles
- O: Aponeurosis over head and mastoid process
- I: Ear
- N: Facial
- A: Moves ear superiorly, posteriorly, and anteriorly
-
Buccinator
- O: Mandible and Maxilla
- I: Orbicularis oris at angle of mouth
- N: Facial
- A: Retracts angle of mouth and flattens cheek
-
Corrugator supercilli
- O: Nasal bridge and orbicularis oculi
- I: Skin of eyebrow
- N: Facial
- A: Depresses medial portion of eyebrow; draws eyebrows together as in frowning
-
Depressor anguli oris
- O: Lower border of mandible
- I: Skin of lip near angle of mouth
- N: Facial
- A: Depresses angle of mouth as in frowning
-
Depressor labii inferioris
- O: Lower border of mandible
- I: Skin of lower lip and orbicularis oris
- N: Facial
- A: Depresses lower lip, as in frowning
-
Levator anguli oris
- O: Maxilla
- I: Skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates angle of mouth as in smiling
-
Levator labii superioris
- O: Maxilla
- I: Skin and orbicularis oris of upper lip
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates upper lip as in sneering
-
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
- O: Maxilla
- I: Ala at nose and upper lip
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates lateral side of nostril and upper lip
-
Levator palpebrae superioris
- O: Lesser wing of sphenoid
- I: Skin of eyelid
- N: Oculomotor
- A: Elevates upper eyelid
-
Mentalis
- O: Mandible
- I: Skin of chin
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates and wrinkles skin over chin; protrudes lower lip, as in pouting
-
Nasalis
- O: Maxilla
- I: Bridge and ala of nose
- N: Facial
- A: Dilates nostril
-
Occipitofrontalis
- O: Occipital bone
- I: Skin of eyebrow and nose
- N: Facial
- A: Moves scalp; elevates eyebrows
-
Orbicularis oris
- O: Nasal septum, maxilla, and mandible
- I: Fascia and other muscles of lips
- N: Facial
- A: Closes lips
-
Orbicularis oculi
- O: Maxilla and frontal bones
- I: Circles orbit and inserts near origin
- N: Facial
- A: Closes eyelids
-
Platysma
- O: Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major
- I: Skin over inferior border of mandible
- N: Facial
- A: Depresses lower lip; wrinkles skin of neck and upper chest
-
Procerus
- O: Bridge of nose
- I: Frontalis
- N: Facial
- A: Creates horizontal wrinkles between eyes as in frowning
-
Risorius
- O: Platysma and masseter fascia
- I: Orbicularis oris and skin at corner of mouth
- N: Facial
- A: Abducts angle of mouth as in smiling
-
Zygomaticus major
- O: Zygomatic bone
- I: Angle of mouth
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates and abducts upper lip as in smiling
-
Zygomaticus minor
- O: Zygomatic bone
- I: Orbicularis oris of upper lip
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates and abducts upper lip as in smiling
-
What is ptosis?
- Droopy eyelid on one side
- Usually indicates nerve to levator palpebrae superioris or part of the brain controlling nerve has been damaged
-
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
- 1) Temporalis
- 2) Masseter
- 3) Pterygoids (Lateral and Medial)
-
Temporalis
- O: Temporal fossa
- I: Anterior portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process
- N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
- A: Elevates and retracts mandible; involved in excursion
-
Masseter
- O: Zygomatic arch
- I: Lateral side of mandibular ramus
- N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
- A: Elevates and protracts mandible; involved in excursion
-
Lateral Pterygoid
- O: Lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate plate and greater wing of sphenoid
- I: Condylar process of mandible and articular disk
- N: Mandibular division of trigeminal
- A: Protracts and depresses mandible; involved in excursion
-
Medial Pterygoids
- O: Medial side of lateral pterygoid plate and tuberosity of maxilla
- I: Medial surface of mandible
- N: Mandibular division of trigeminal
- A: Protracts and elevates mandible; involved in excursion
-
What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?
- 1) Digastric
- 2) Geniohyoid
- 3) Mylohyoid
- 4) Stylohyoid
-
Digastric
- O: Mastoid process
- I: Mandible near midline
- N: Posterior belly-facial; anterior belly-mandibular division of trigeminal
- A: Depresses and retracts mandible; elevates hyoid
-
Geniohyoid
- O: Mental protuberance of mandible
- I: Body of hyoid
- N: Fibers of C1 and C2 with hypoglossal
- A: Protracts hyoid; depresses mandible
-
Mylohyoid
- O: Body of mandible
- I: Hyoid
- N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
- A: Elevates floor of mouth and tongue; depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed
-
Stylohyoid
- O: Styloid process
- I: Hyoid
- N: Facial
- A: Elevates hyoid
-
What are the 4 hyoid muscles?
- 1) Omohyoid
- 2) Sternohyoid
- 3) Sternothyroid
- 4) Thyrohyoid
-
Omohyoid
- O: Superior border of scapula
- I: Hyoid
- N: Upper cervical through ansa cervicalis
- A: Depresses hyoid fixes hyoid in mandibular depression
-
Sternohyoid
- O: Manubrium and first costal cartilage
- I: Hyoid
- N: Upper cervical through ansa cervicalis
- A: Depresses hyoid; fixes hyoid in mandibular depression
-
Sternothyroid
- O: Manubrium and first or second costal cartilage
- I: Thyroid cartilage
- N: Upper cervical through ansa cervicalis
- A: Depresses larynx; fixes hyoid in mandibular depression
-
Thyrohyoid
- O: Thyroid cartilage
- I: Hyoid
- N: Upper cervical, passing with hypoglossal
- A: Depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage of larnyx; fixes hyoid in mandibular depression
-
What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
-
Intrinsic tongue muscles
- O: within tongue
- I: Within tongue
- N: Hypoglossal
- A: Change tongue shape
-
What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?
- 1) Genioglossus
- 2) Hyoglossus
- 3) Styloglossus
- 4) Palatoglossus
-
Genioglossus
- O: Mental protuberance of mandible
- I: Tongue
- N: Hypoglossal
- A: Depresses and protrudes tongue
-
Hyoglossus
- O: Hyoid
- I: Side of tongue
- N: Hypoglossal
- A: Retracts and depresses side of tongue
-
Styloglossus
- O: Styloid process of temporal bone
- I: Tongue (lateral and inferior)
- N: Hypoglossal
- A: Retracts tongue
-
Palatoglossus
- O: Soft palate
- I: Tongue
- N: Pharyngeal plexus
- A: Elevates posterior tongue
-
Levator scapulae
- O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
- I: Superior angle of scapula
- N: Dorsal scapular
- A: Laterally flexes neck; elevates, retracts and rotates scapula
-
Scalene muscles
- O: C2-C6
- I: First and second ribs
- N: Cervical and brachial plexus
- A: Flex, laterally flex, and rotate neck
-
Semispinalis capitis
- O: C4-T6
- I: Occipital bone
- N: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
- A: Extends and rotates head
-
Splenius capitis
- O: C4-T6
- I: Superior nuchal line and mastoid processes
- N: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
- A: Extends and rotates head
-
Splenius cervicis
- O: C3-C5
- I: Transverse processes of C1-C3
- N: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
- A: Rotates and extends neck
-
Sternocleidomastoid
- O: Manubrium and medial clavicle
- I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
- N: Accessory (cranial nerve XI)
- A: One contracting alone: laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates the head and neck to opposite side
- Both contracting together: Flexes neck
-
Trapezius
- O: Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12
- I: Clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
- N: Accessory (cranial nerve XI)
- A: Extends and laterally flexes head and neck
-
Torticollis (Wry neck)
- Abnormal twisting or bending of the neck
- Can be caused by damage to sternocleidomastoid muscle resulting in fibrous tissue formation and contracture of the muscle
- Damage to infant's neck muscles because of interuterine position or a difficult birth may cause torticollis
- Most cases resolve spontaneously
-
Spasmodic Torticollis
- Can occur in adults; many causes
- Intermittent contracture of neck muscles, especially sternocleidomastoid and trapezius resulting in rotation, flexion, and extension of the neck and elevation of the shoulder
-
What 3 subgroups make up the Erector spinae muscles?
- 1) Iliocostalis
- 2) Longissimus
- 3) Spinalis
-
Iliocostalis
- O: Sacrum, ilium, and angle of ribs
- I: Angles of ribs and transverse processes of vertebrae
- N: Cervical, thoraic, and lumbar spinal nerves
- A: Extends, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column; maintains posture
-
Longissimus
- O: Sacrum, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic, and lower cervical vertebrae
- I: Transverse processes of vertebrae, angles of ribs, and mastoid process
- N: Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves
- A: Extends head, neck, and vertebral column; maintains posture
-
Spinalis
- O:Spinous processes of T11-L2 and C7
- I: Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae and axis
- N: Cervical and thoracic, spinal nerves
- A: Extends back and neck, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
-
Deep back muscles
- O: Spinous and transverse processes of each vertebrae
- I: Next superior spinous or transverse process, ribs, and occipital bone
- N: Spinal nerves
- A: Extends back and neck, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
-
Quadratus lumborum
- O: Iliac crest and lower lumbar vertebrae
- I: 12th rib and transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae
- N: 12th thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves
- A: One acting alone: Laterally flexes vertebral column and depresses 12th rib
- Both contracting: Extend vertebral column
-
What are the 4 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
- 1. Rectus abdominis
- 2. External abdominal oblique
- 3. Internal abdominal oblique
- 4. Transversus abdominis
-
Rectus abdominis
- O: Pubic crest and symphysis pubis
- I: Xiphoid process and inferior ribs
- N: Branches of lower thoracic
- A: Flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen
-
External abdominal oblique
- O: 5th to 12th rib
- I: Illiac crest, inguinal ligament, and rectus sheath
- N: Lower thoracic
- A: Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax
-
Internal abdominal oblique
- O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and lumbar fascia
- I: 10 to 12 ribs and rectus sheath
- N: Lower thoracic
- A: Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax
-
Transversus abdominis
- O: 7 to 12 costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
- I: Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic tubercle
- N: Lower thoracic
- A: Compresses abdomen
-
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum?
- 1. Bulbospongiosus
- 2. Coccygeus
- 3. Ischiocavernosus
- 4. Levator ani
- 5. External anal sphincter
- 6. External urethral sphincter
- 7. Transverse perinei
-
Bulbospongiosus
- O: Male: Central tendon of perineum and median raphe of penis
- Female: Central tendon of perineum
- I: Dorsal surface of penis and bulb of penis; base of clitoris
- N: Pudendal
- A: Constricts urethra (Male) and erects penis/clitoris
-
Coccygeus
- O: Ischial spine
- I: Coccyx
- N: S3 and S4
- A: Elevates and supports pelvic floor
-
Ischiocavernosus
- O: Ischial ramus
- I: Corpus cavernosum
- N: Perineal
- A: Compresses base of penis or clitoris
-
Levator ani
- O: Posterior pubis and ischial spine
- I: Sacrum and coccyx
- N: 4th sacral
- A: Elevates anus and supports pelvic viscera
-
External anal sphincter
- O: Coccyx
- I: Central tendon of perineum
- N: 4th sacral and pudenda
- A: Keeps orifice of anal canal closed
-
External urethral sphincter
- O: Pubic ramus
- I: Median raphe
- N: Pudendal
- A: Constricts urethra
-
Transverse pernei (Deep)
- O: Ischial ramus
- I: Median raphe
- N: Pudendal
- A: Supports pelvic floor
-
Transverse pernei (Superficial)
- O: Ischial ramus
- I: Central perineal
- N: Pudendal
- A: Fixes central tendon
-
What are the muscles of the thorax?
- 1. Diaphragm
- 2. Intercostalis (External and internal)
- 3. Scalene
-
Diaphragm
- O: Interior of ribs, sternum, and lumbar vertebrae
- I: Central tendon of diaphragm
- N: Phrenic
- A: Inspiration; depresses floor of thorax
-
Intercostalis (external)
- O: Inferior margin of each rib
- I: Superior border of next rib below it
- N: Intercostal
- A: Inspiration; elevates ribs
-
Intercostalis (internal)
- O: Superior margin of each rib
- I: Inferior border of next rib up
- N: Intercostal
- A: Expiration; depresses ribs
-
Scalene Muscles (Anterior, middle, posterior)
- O: transverse processes of C2-C6
- I: First and second rib
- N: Cervical and brachial plexuses
- A: Elevates first and 2nd ribs
-
What are the muscles acting on the scapula?
- 1. Levator scapulae
- 2. Pectoralis minor
- 3. Rhomboideus (Major and Minor)
- 4. Serratus anterior
- 5. Trapezius
-
Levator scapulae
- O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
- I: Superior angle of scapula
- N: Dorsal scapular
- A: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; laterally flexes neck
-
Pectoralis Minor
- O: 3rd to 5th ribs
- I: Coracoid process of scapula
- N: Medial pectoral
- A: Depresses scapula or elevates ribs
-
Rhomboideus Major
- O: Spinous process of T1-T4
- I: Medial border of scapula
- N: Dorsal scapular
- A: Retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula
-
Rhomboideus Minor
- O: Spinous processes of C6-C7
- I: Medial border of scapula
- N: Dorsal scapular
- A: Retracts, slightly elevates, rotates and fixes scapula
-
Serratus anterior
- O: 1st to 8th or 9th ribs
- I: Medial border of scapula
- N: Long Thoracic
- A: Rotates and protracts scapula; elevates ribs
-
Trapezius
- O: External occiptial protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12
- I: Clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
- N: Accessory and cervical plexus
- A: Elevates, depresses, retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula; extends neck
-
What muscles act on the arm?
- 1. Coracobrachialis
- 2. Deltoid
- 3. Latissimus dorsi
- 4. Pectoralis major
- 5. Teres major
-
Corachobrachialis
- O: Coracoid process of scapula
- I: Midshaft of humerus
- N: Musculocutaneous
- A: Adducts arm and flexes shoulder
-
Deltoid
- O: Clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
- I: Deltoid tuberosity
- N: Axillary
- A: Flexes and extends shoulder; abducts and medially rotates arm
-
Latissimus dorsi
- O: Spinous processes of T7-L5; sacrum and iliac crest; inferior angle of scapula in some people
- I: Medial crest of intertubercular groove
- N: Thoracodorsal
- A: Adducts and medially rotates arm; extends shoulder
-
Pectoralis major
- O: Clavicle, sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
- I: Lateral crest of intertubercular groove
- N: Medial and lateral pectoral
- A: Flexes shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm; extends should from flexed position
-
Teres Major
- O: Lateral border of scapula
- I: Medial crest of intertubercular groove
- N: Lower subscapular C5 and C6
- A: Extends shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm
-
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
- 1. Infraspinatous
- 2. Supraspinatous
- 3. Teres Minor
- 4. Subscapularis
- (SITS)
-
Infraspinatous
- O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- N: Suprascapular C5 and C6
- A: Laterally rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place
-
Subscapularis
- O: Subscapular fossa
- I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
- N: Upper and lower subscapular C5 and C6
- A: Medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place
-
Supraspinatus
- O: Supraspinous fossa
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- N: Suprascapular C5 and C6
- A: Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place
-
Teres Minor
- O: Lateral border of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- N: Axillary C5 and C6
- A: Laterally rotates and adducts arm; holds head of humerus in place
-
What muscles are involved in flexion of the shoulder and arm?
- 1. Deltoid
- 2. Pectoralis Major
- 3. Coracobrachialis
- 4. Biceps brachii
-
What muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder and arm?
- 1. Deltoid
- 2. Teres Major
- 3. Latissimus dorsi
- 4. Pectoralis major
- 5. Triceps brachii
-
What muscles are involved in abduction of the shoulder and arm?
Deltoid and Supraspinatus
-
What muscles are involved in adduction of the shoulder and arm?
- 1. Pectoralis major
- 2. Latissimus dorsi
- 3. Teres minor
- 4. Teres major
- 5. Triceps brachii
- 6. Coracobrachialis
-
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the shoulder and arm?
- 1. Pectoralis major
- 2. Teres major
- 3. Latissimus dorsi
- 4. Deltoid
- 5. Subscapularis
-
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder and arm?
- 1. Deltoid
- 2. Infraspinatous
- 3. Teres minor
-
What are the 3 main muscles of the arm?
- 1. Biceps brachii
- 2. Brachialis
- 3. Triceps brachii
-
What are the 5 major muscles of the forearm?
- 1. Anconeus
- 2. Brachioradialis
- 3. Pronator quadratus
- 4. Pronator teres
- 5. Supinator
-
Biceps brachii
- O: Long head- supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head- coracoid process of scapula
- I: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps
- N: Musculocutaneous
- A: Flexes shoulder and elbow; supinates forearm and hand
-
Brachialis
- O: Anterior surface of humerus
- I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
- N: Musculocutaneous and radial
- A: Flexes elbow
-
Triceps brachii
- O: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle on lateral border of scapula
- Lateral head- lateral and posterior surface of humerus
- Medial head- posterior humerus
- I: Olecranon process of the ulna
- N: Radial
- A: Extends elbow; extends shoulder and adducts arm
-
Anconeus
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- I: Olecranon process and posterior ulna
- N: Radial
- A: Extends elbow, "assists" triceps brachii is main agonist for extension of elbow
-
Brachioradialis
- O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- I: Styloid process of radius
- N: Radial
- A: Flexes elbow
-
Pronator quadratus
- O: Distal ulna
- I: Distal radius
- N: Anterior interosseous
- A: Pronates forearm and hand
-
Pronator teres
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
- I: Radius
- N: Median
- A: Pronates forearm and hand
-
Supinator
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
- I: Radius
- N: Radial
- A: Supinates forearm and hand
-
What are the 6 muscles in the anterior forearm?
- 1. Flexor carpi radialis
- 2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
- 3. Flexor digitorum profundus
- 4. Flexor digitorum superficialis
- 5. Flexor pollicis longus
- 6. Palmaris longus
-
What are the 9 muscles in the posterior forearm?
- 1. Abductor pollicis longus
- 2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- 3. Extensor carpi radialis longus
- 4. Extensor carpi ulnaris
- 5. Extensor digiti minimi
- 6. Extensor digitorum
- 7. Extensor indicis
- 8. Extensor pollicis brevis
- 9. Extensor pollicis longus
-
Flexor carpi radialis
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- I: Second and third metacarpals
- N: Median
- A: Flexes and abducts wrist
-
Flexor carpi ulnaris
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna
- I: Pisiform, hamate, and 5th metacarpal
- N: Ulnar
- A: Flexes and adducts wrist
-
Flexor digitorum profundus
- O: Ulna
- I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
- N: Ulnar and Median nerves
- A: Flexes fingers at MCPs, PIPs, DIPs, and wrist
-
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process, and radius
- I: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- N: Flexes fingers at DIP and PIP joints and wrist
- A: Median
-
Flexor pollicis longus
- O: Radius
- I: Distal phalanx of thumb
- N: Median
- A: Flexes thumb
-
Palmaris longus
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- I: Palmar fascia
- N: Median
- A: Tenses palmar fascia; flexes wrist
-
Abductor pollicis longus
- O: Posterior ulna and radius and interosseous membrane
- I: Base of first metacarpal
- N: Radial
- A: Abducts and extends thumb; abducts wrist
-
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
- N: Radial
- A: Extends and abducts wrist
-
Extensor carpi radialis longus
- O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- I: Base of second metacarpal
- N: Radial
- A: Extends and abducts wrist
-
Extensor carpi ulnaris
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- I: Base of 5th metacarpal
- N: Radial
- A: Extends and adducts wrist
-
Extensor digiti minimi
- O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- I: Phalanges of fifth digit
- N: Radial
- A: Extends pinky and wrist
-
Extensor digitorum
- O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- I: Extensor tendon expansion over phalanges of digits 2-5
- N: Radial
- A: Extends fingers and wrist
-
Extensor indicis
- O: Ulna
- I: Extensor tendon expansion over 2nd digit
- N: Radial
- A: Extends index finger and wrist
-
Extensor pollicis brevis
- O: Radius
- I: Proximal phalanx of thumb
- N: Radial
- A: Extends and abducts thumb; abducts wrist
-
Extensor pollicis longus
- O: Ulna
- I: Distal phalanx of thumb
- N: Radial
- A: Extends thumb
-
Where do the superficial anterior forearm muscles have their origin?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
-
Where do the superficial posterior forearm muscles have their origin?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
-
Where do the deep forearm muscles have their origin?
Radius and Ulna
-
What nerves innervate the posterior forearm muscles?
Radial
-
What nerves innervate the anterior forearm muscles?
Median and Ulnar
-
What are the 3 gluteal muscles?
- 1. Gluteus maximus
- 2. Gluteus medius
- 3. Gluteus minimus
-
What are the 6 Deep Hip muscles?
- 1. Inferior Gemellus
- 2. Superior Gemellus
- 3. Obturator Externus
- 4. Obturator Internus
- 5. Piriformis
- 6. Quadratus femoris
-
Gluteus maximus
- O: Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
- I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
- N: Inferior gluteal
- A: Extends hip; abducts and laterally rotates thigh
-
Gluteus medius
- O: Posterior surface of ilium
- I: Greater trochanter of femur
- N: Superior gluteal
- A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; tilts pelvis toward supported side
-
Gluteus minimus
- O: Posterior surface of ilium
- I: Greater trochanter of femur
- N: Superior gluteal
- A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; tilts pelvis toward supported side
- Directly under gluteus medius
-
Inferior Gemellus
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Obturator internus tendon
- N: L5 and S1
- A: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
-
Superior Gemellus
- O: Ischial spine
- I: Obturator internus tendon
- N: L5 and S1
- A: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
-
Obturator Externus
- O: Inferior margin of obturator foramen
- I: Greater trochanter of femur
- N: Obturator
- A: Laterally rotates thigh
-
Obturator Internus
- O: Interior margin of obturator foramen
- I: Greater trochanter of femur
- N: L5 and S1
- A: Laterally rotates thigh
-
Piriformis
- O: Sacrum and Ilium
- I: Greater trochanter of femur
- N: S1 and S2
- A: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
-
Quadratus femoris
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Intertrochanteric ridge of femur
- N: L5 and S1
- A: Laterally rotates thigh
-
What are the 2 anterior hip muscles?
-
Iliacus
- O: Iliac fossa
- I: Lesser trochanter of femur and capsule of hip joint
- N: Lumbar plexus
- A: Flexes hip
-
Psoas major
- O: T12-L5
- I: Lesser trochanter of femur
- N: Lumbar plexus
- A: Flexes hip
-
How is the thigh divided into compartments?
Anterior, Medial, and lateral compartments
-
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
- 1. Quadriceps femoris
- 2. Sartorius
- 3. Tensor fasciae latae
-
What muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
- 1. Adductor brevis
- 2. Adductor longus
- 3. Adductor magnus
- 4. Gracilis
- 5. Pectineus
-
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
- 1. Biceps femoris
- 2. Semimembranosus
- 3. Semitendinosus
-
Quadriceps femoris
- O: Rectus femoris- anterior inferior iliac spine
- Vastus lateralis- greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
- Vastus intermedius- body of femur
- Vastus medialis- linea aspera of femur
- I: Patella and onto tibial tuberosity through patellar ligament
- N: Femoral
- A: Extends knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip
-
What are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris?
- 1. Rectus femoris
- 2. Vastus lateralis
- 3. Vastus intermedius
- 4. Vastus medialis
-
Sartorius
- O: Anterior superior iliac spine
- I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity
- N: Femoral
- A: Flexes hip and knee; rotates thigh laterally and leg medially
-
Tensor fasciae latae
- O: Anterior superior iliac spine
- I: Through iliotibialtract to lateral condyle of tibia
- N: Superior gluteal
- A: Flexes hip; abducts and medially rotates thigh; stabilizes femur on tibia when standing
-
Adductor brevis
- O: Pubis
- I: Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur
- N: Obturator
- A: Adducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes hip
-
Adductor longus
- O: Pubis
- I: Linea aspera of femur
- N: Obturator
- A: Adducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes hip
-
Adductor magnus
- O: Adductor part: Pubis and ischium
- Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
- I: Adductor part: linea aspera of femur
- Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
- N: Adductor part: obturator
- Hamstring part: tibial
- A: Adductor part: adducts thigh and flexes hip
- Hamstring part: Extends hip
-
Gracilis
- O: Pubis near symphysis
- I: Tibia
- N: Obturator
- A: Adducts thigh; flexes knee
-
Pectineus
- O: Pubic crest
- I: Pectineal line of femur
- N: Femoral and obturator
- A: Adducts thigh and flexes hip
-
Biceps femoris
- O: Long head- ischial tuberosity
- Short head- Femur
- I: Head of fibula
- N: Long head- tibial
- Short head- common fibular
- A: Flexes knee; laterally rotates leg; extends hip
-
Semimembranosus
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Medial condyle of tibia and collateral ligament
- N: Tibial
- A: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; tenses capsule of knee joint; extends hip
-
Semitendinosus
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Tibia
- N: Tibial
- A: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; extends hip
-
What muscles are involved in flexion of the thigh and hip?
- 1. Ilipsoas
- 2. Tensor fasciae latae
- 3. Rectus femoris
- 4. Sartorius
- 5. Adductor longus
- 6. Adductor brevis
- 7. Pecinteus
-
What muscles are involved in extension of the thigh and hip?
- 1. Gluteus maximus
- 2. Semitendinosus
- 3. Semimembranosus
- 4. Biceps femoris
- 5. Adductor magnus
-
What muscles are involved in abduction of the hip and thigh?
- 1. Gluteus maximus
- 2. Gluteus medius
- 3. Gluteus minimus
- 4. Tensor fasciae latae
- 5. Obturator internus
- 6. Gemellus superior and inferior
- 7. Piriformis
-
What muscles are involved in adduction of the hip and thigh?
- 1. Adductor magnus
- 2. Adductor longus
- 3. Adductor brevis
- 4. Pectineus
- 5. Gracilis
-
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the hip and thigh?
- 1. Gluteus medius
- 2. Gluteus minimus
- 3. Tensor fasciae latae
-
What muscles are involved in the lateral rotation of the hip and thigh?
- 1. Gluteus maximus
- 2. Obturator internus
- 3. Obturator externus
- 4. Superior gemellus
- 5. Inferior gemellus
- 6. Quadratus femoris
- 7. Piriformis
- 8. Adductor longus
- 9. Adductor magnus
- 10. Adductor brevis
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