Medical Terminology Chapter 13 & 14

presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

absence of urine formation

presence of bacteria in the urine

painful urination

involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control

bed-wetting during sleep

glucose in the urine

presence of blood in the urine

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid; products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation

urination at night

scanty production of urine

condition of excessive urination

presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

retention of urine resulting from an inability to void naturally because of spasm or obstruction

inherited conditions of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure

form of nephritis involving the glomerulus

pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine

inflammation of the kidney

inflammation of the renal pelvis

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

presence of a renal stone or stones

inflammation of the bladder

inflammation of the urethra

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

narrowed condition of the urethra

invasion of pathogenic organisms in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination

x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream

abdominal x-ray image of the kidney, ureters, and bladder

plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imagine

x-ray film of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

x-ray of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope

x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination

abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

measure of the concentration or dilution of urine

measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine

chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine

chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicate that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state

chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis

chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease

chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine

microscopic identification of abnormal constituents in the urine; reported per high- or low-power field

isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganism; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high level indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function

test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys

use of specialized endoscope within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent

urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to respect lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope

incision into the kidney

suture of an injured kidney

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

excision of a kidney

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis

use of a device to hole open vessels or tubes

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person to another

creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance;

an internal reservoir constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening that that that brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing natural voiding

procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure

method of removing impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid that is washed in and out in cycles

method of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine

a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag

indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag

drug that relieves pain

drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

drug that relieves spasm

drug that increases the secretion of urine

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male

scanty production and expulsion of sperm

drainage of mucus and pus

absence of one or both testes

inflammation of the glans penis

undescended testicle, or failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodge in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair

inflammation of epididymis

failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction; formerly termed impotence

hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis

congential opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion; the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first through to be a leakage of semen

sexually transmitted infection, which may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the kin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers

virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen and blood

virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

lesion that appear as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat apperance

removal of the foreskin, exposing the glans penis

removal of the epididymis

removal of a testicle

repair of a testicle

fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

excision of the prostate gland

removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope, a specialized urologic endoscope

removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male

restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after a vasectomy