-
Anemia
[treatment]
- treatment base on cause:
- lack of nutrients - Iron, B12, folate
drugs, cancer, irradiation
-
Hemolytic anemia is
inherited/acquired
-
What is the MCV (mean corpuscular volume) for
Microcytic,
normocytic,
macrocytic?
- Microcytic: <80
- Normocytic: 80-100
- Macrocytic: >100
-
Iron deficiency anemia
[causes]
menstrual, GI, PUD, cancer, diverticulosis, IBD, angiodysplasia, celiac sprue
others: preggo, infancy, iatrogenic
-
Iron deficiency anemia
[test]
serum Ferritin
-
Hemolytic anemia
Warm: IgG; treated with steroids, splenectomy
Cold: IgM; treated with plasmapheresis
-
Aplastic anemia
- rapid progressive disorder
- 50% - no obvious cause
-
aplastic anemia
[treatment]
stem cell transplant/ bone marrow transplant
-
Thrombocytopenia
[cause]
[treatment]
- platelets <100,000
- cause: drugs (heparin) and infection
- tx: maintain between 10-200,000
-
Von Willebrand disease (vWD)
- inherited bleeding disorder
- autosomal dominant trait
- males=females
-
Hemophilia A and B
bleeding in joints, muscles, and GI
- X-linked recessive disorder with deficiency of:
- ---Factor VIII in type A
- ---Factor IX in type B
-
Neutropenia
[cause]
[treatment]
- low neutrophil count
- cause: infection, drugs, autoimmune, congenital
- tx: treat the underlying cause
ANC- absolute neutrophil count
-
ALL - acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- childhood (3-7 yrs)
- bleeding minor
- platelets severely low (<40,000)
- tx: chemotherapy
-
AML - acute myelogenous leukemia
- onset age after 50
- increases with age
- tx: chemotherapy (30% cure rate)
- post-remission therapy +repeat chemo and/or bone marrow transplant
-
CLL - Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia
- onset age after 50
- common form of leukemia in adults
- clonal proliferation of defective B lymphocytes
- bone marrow failure
- tx: chemo and/or bone marrow transplant
-
CML - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- translocation between chromosomes 9 - 22 creates uniqure protein, bcr-abl
- adults: fatigue, night sweats, low-grade fever
- tx: medical therapy to suppress malignant clones, normalize blood counts, and delay blast crisis
-
Hairy cell
caner of B lymphocytes
-
myelodysplastic syndrome
cancer hasnt decided which type to become
-
proto-oncogenes
normal cellular genes that can be transformed into oncogenes by activating mutations
-
Rb Gene
- 'master brake'
- blocks/stops cell division
-
p53 Gene
- common tumor-suppressor gene
- direct cell to initiate apoptosis
- If error, jumps on DNA directly; if not, self-destruct (apoptosis)
-
angiogenesis
- process by which cancer tumor forms new blood vessels in order to grow
- develops at late stages
-
Grading tumors
- TNM
- tumor, nodes, metastasis
|
|
