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How do we treat tetanus?
- Antitoxin +/- vaccine booster
- Diazepam (for muscle spasm)
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How do we treat infection with Clostridium botulinum?
Antitoxin
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Which drugs cause pseudomembraneous colitis?
Clindamycin or ampicillin
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How can we treat pseudomembtaneous colitis caused by C.difficile?
Metronidazole or vancomycin
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How do we teat recurrent cases of pseudomembraneous colitis caused by C.difficile?
- Repeat regimen (metronidazole/ vancomycin)
- Fidaxomicin
- Fecal microbiota transplant
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How do we treat actinomyces infection?
Penicillin
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How do we treat nocardia infection?
Sulfonamides
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How can we prevent infection with Mycobacterium avium especially when CD4+ count < 50 cells/mm3?
Azithromycin
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What is this form of leprosy and how do we treat?
Tuberculoid leprosy- hairless skin plaques, ⇧Th1 type immune response
Tx: Dapsone and rifampin
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What is this form of leprosy and how do we treat?
Lepromatous leprosy- leonine (lion-like ) facies, ⇧Th2 response
Tx: Clofazimine
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How do we treat gonococcal infections?
Cefriaxone + (Azithromycin or doxycycline) for possible chlamydia coinfection
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How do we treat meningitis caused by Neisseria?
Ceftriaxone or Penicillin G
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How do we treat mucosal infections of H.influenzae?
Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanate
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How do we treat meningitis caused by H.influenzae?
Ceftriaxone
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Which drug can be used for prophylaxis of infection with H.influenzae for persons in close contact?
Rifampin
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How do we treat infection with salmonella typhi?
Ceftriaxone or Fluoroquinolone
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How do we treat infection with Helicobacter pylori?
- 1. Proton pump inhibitor -prazole
- 2. Clarithromycin
- 3. Amoxicillin (or metronidazole if penicillin allergy)
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How do we treat Lyme disease?
Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone
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How do we treat infection with Gardnerella vaginalis?
Metronidazole or clindamycin
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How do we treat infection with Chlamydia?
- Azithromycin (favored because of one time treatment)
- Doxycyline
- NOTE: The chlamydial cell wall lacks classic peptidoglycan (due to reduced muramic acid) so do not give Penicillins or Cephalosporins
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How do we treat infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
- Macrolide- Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
- Doxycycline
- Fluoroquinolone
- NOTE: Do not give penicillins because they have no cell wall.
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How do we treat infection with Legionella pneumophilia?
- Macrolide- Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin or Quinolone
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How do we treat infection with Mucor and Rhizopus?
- Surgical debridement
- Amphotericin B
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When do we start prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirvorecii? Which drugs are used?
- When CD4+ count drops to <200 cells/mm3 in HIV patients.
- Dapsone
- Atovaquone
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How do we treat infection with Pneumocystis jirvorecii?
- Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole
- Pentamidine
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How do we treat infection with Sporothrix schenckii?
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
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How do we treat infection with Giardia lamblia?
Metronidazole
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How do we treat infection with Entamoeba histolytica?
Metronidazole
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How to we treat asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolytica?
Iodoquinol
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How do we treat infection with Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent hosts?
Nitazoxanide
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How do we treat infection with Toxoplasma gondii?
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine
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How do we treat infection with Naegleria fowleri?
Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors.
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How do we treat infection with Trypanosoma brucei?
- African sleeping sickness
- Suramin- for blood borne disease
- Melarsoprol- for CNS penetration
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This drug blocks Plasmodium heme synthesis?
Chloroquine
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What is the MOA and use of Chloroquine?
- MOA: Blocks plasmodium heme synsthesis
- USE: Malaria caused by Plasmodium species
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How do we treat malaria that is resistant to Chloroquine therapy?
Mefloquine or Atovaquone/ Proguanil
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How do we treat life threatening malaria?
Use IV Quinidine or Artesunate (test for G6PD deficiency)
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This drug is added in the treatment of malaria by P.vivax and P.ovale to completely eradicate infections and PREVENT RELAPSE.
Primaquine
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How do we treat infection with Babesia?
Atovaquone + Azithromycin
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How do we treat infection with Trypanosoma cruzi?
Benznidazole or Nifurtimox
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How do we treat infection with Leishmania donovani?
- Amphotericin B
- Sodium stibogluconate
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How do we treat infection with Trichomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole (for patient and partner- prophylaxis)
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How do we treat infection with Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)?
Bendazoles
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How do we treat infection with Ascaris lumbricoides?
Bendazoles
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How do we treat infection with Strongyloides stercoralis?
Ivermectin or bendazoles
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Describe infection with Necator americanus (hookworm). How do we treat?
- Intesitnal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls ⇦ Ancyclostoma duodenale, Necator americuanus
- Tx: Bendazoles or Pyrantel pamoate
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Describe infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale (hookworm). How do we treat?
- Intesitnal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls ⇦ Ancyclostoma duodenale, Necator americuanus
- Tx: Bendazoles or Pyrantel pamoate
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Describe infection with Onchocerca volvulus. How do we treat?
- Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness.
- Tx: Ivermectin (ivermectin for riverblindness)
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Describe infection with Loa Loa. How do we treat?
- Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
- Tx: Diethylcarbamazine
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Describe infection with Wuchereia bancrofti. How do we treat?
- Blocks lymphatic vessels: elephantiasis; takes 9 mo–1 yr after bite to become symptomatic
- Tx: Diethylcarbamazine
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Describe infection with Toxoplasma canis. How do we treat?
- Visceral larva migrans
- Tx: Bendazoles
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How do we treat intestinal infection caused by Taenia solium?
Praziquantel
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How do we treat neurocysticercercosis caused by Taenia solium?
Albendazole
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How do we treat infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus?
Albendazole
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How do we treat infections caused by Schistosoma?
Praziquantel
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Describe infections caused by Clonorchis sinensis? How do we treat?
- Biliary tract inflammation ⇨pigmented gallstones
- Associated with cholangiocarcinoma
- Praziquantel
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How do we prevent pneumonia caused by Respiratory syncytical virus in infants?
Palivizumab - monoclonal antibody against F protein
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This drug is a monoclonal antibody against F protein?
Palivizumab- Tx of RSV in infants
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What can be used to reduce measles mortality in malnourished children?
Vitamin A
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