vitamins

 Vitamin A

Deficiency:

Vitamin D
deff

Vitamin E deficiency:

Corn or Cottonseed Oil, Butter,
Brown Rice, Soybean Oil, Vegetable oils such as Corn, Cottonseed
or Soybean, Nuts, Wheat Germ.

Antioxidant. Helps form red blood cells, muscles and other tissues. Preserves fatty acids.

Vitamin K def:

Estimated at 0.03 mcg/kg
Green Vegetables, Liver, also made
by intestinal bacteria.
Needed for normal blood clotting.

thiamine
Vitamin B1
Men: 0.8 - 1.3 mg
Women: 0.8 mg
Sunflower Seeds, Pork, whole and enriched Grains, dried Beans.
Necessary for carbohydrate metabolism and muscle coordination. Promotes proper nerve function.

riboflavin
Vitamin B2
Men: 1.3 - 1.6 mg
Women: 1.1 mg
Liver, Milk, Spinach, enriched Noodles, Mushrooms.
Needed for metabolism of all foods and the release of energy to cells. Essential to the functioning of Vitamin B6 and Niacin.

Niacin
Vitamin B3
Men: 16-23 mg
Women: 14-16 mg
Niacin is converted to niacinamide in the body.
Mushrooms, Bran, Tuna, Chicken,
Beef, Peanuts, enriched Grains.
Needed in many enzymes that convert
food to energy. Helps maintain a healthy digestive tract and
nervous system. In very large doses, lower cholesterol (large
doses should only be taken under the advice of a physician).

Folic Acid (Folacin) deficiency:
Men: 180-220 mg
Women: 160-190 mg
Green, leafy vegetables, Orange Juice, organ Meats, Sprouts.
Essential for the manufacture of genetic material as well as protein metabolism and red blood cell formation.

Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
Men: 40 mg
Women: 30 mg
Citrus Fruits, Strawberries, Broccoli, Green Peppers
Antioxidant. Helps bind cells together and strengthens blood vessel walls. Helps maintain healthy gums.
Aids in the absorption of iron.

B6 helps body use amino acids to make __________

The active 5 B vit thiam ribo, niacin, pantothenic acid and biotin participate in the release of _________ from carbs, fat and protein

_________ help cells to multiply like red blood cells
1. Part of coenzyme for energy metabolism
2. Important for nervous system and appetite

vit b def

VITAMIN ____
1. Regulation of gene expression
2. Vision and healthy cornea
3. Skin and body linings (intestine, respiratory, etc.)

maintains the mucus & moistness of linings
4. Immunity
5. Bone
and tooth growth
6. The precursor beta-carotene (in foods) acts as an antioxidant

JACK OF ALL TRADES , VITAMIN __

Deficiency
1. Mild Deficiency – night blindness, intestinal and respiratory infections
2. Severe Deficiency - Xerophthalmia (hardening of cornea) ⇒ permanent blindness•

Three locations Vitamin __ acts on are skeleton, digestive track, and the kidneys to raise blood calcium

Vitamin___ assists in the absorption of calcium. Since milk is a source of calcium, this is one reason Milk is fortified with Vitamin __.

1. Sunlight on skin can create Vitamin __

Deficiency vitamin ?
1. Rickets –children develop BOWED LEGS because they are unable to mineralize newly forming bone material, a rubbery protein matrix
2. Osteomalacia – adults

Vitamin __ Functions
1. Acts as an Antioxidant –will protect cell membrane

Deficiency
1. Premature babies do not have adequate supply of Vitamin
____. This leads to anemia because of red blood cell breakage/rupture
(erythrocyte hemolysis).

Vitamin ___
1. Required for production and maintenance of collagen Collagen is chief protein (base) of connective tissue.Collagen acts like "cement", holds cells together.
2. Antioxidant
3. Promotes resistance to infection (note: Large doses of Vitamin ____ do not prevent or cure the common cold)
4. Helps with iron absorption

___________ provides: Support to capillaries (prevents bruises, prevents hemorrhage) Scar tissue to close wounds Mends bones that are broken

1. Bleeding gums, loose teeth, bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages, anemia, and wounds do not heal (most symptoms due to breakdown of collagen)

what is this called
and what vit def is it?

what did they call saliers who had to have lime juice everyday because they had a deff in vit c and they would die of scurvy if they didnt have it?

______ B__
Functions
1. Part of coenzyme for energy metabolism
2. Important for nervous system and appetite

deficiency – Beriberi WHAT VITAMIN?

5. Edema, Confusion, loss of reflexes

6. Beriberi – Filipino word (Philippines) for “I can’t, I can’t”-
meaning person cannot move; muscle loss and damage to nerves

7. Began in Far East, when the country changed from whole grain rice to refined rice
8. Today in developed countries, a thiamin deficiency occurs in Alcoholics. It is called the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Deficiency - __________
1. Four D’s of ___________
a. Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
b. Diarrhea
c. Depression
d. Death
2. Today - alcoholics

__________ Functions
1. Part of coenzyme for energy metabolism
2. Promotes health of nervous system, digestion system

_____________ B__
Functions
1. Part of coenzyme for energy metabolism
2. Good vision, healthy skin

___________ . B_
Deficiency – Ariboflavinosis
1. skin rash, cracks at mouth.

Most of the _______ in our food intake is from enriched grains and foods in the Milk Group

________
Functions
1. Part of coenzyme for new cell synthesis – (Red blood cells and Cells lining GI tract duplicate frequently – short life span)

Deficiency OF WHAT VITAMIN

1. Anemia
2. Folate deficiency in pregnancy, increases the risk of a birth defect in Infants called Neural Tube Defects.

3. Low intakes of_______ _______ AND Vitamin ___ & Vitamin ____ are associated with high
• blood levels of an amino acid called homocysteine.
• This high level of homocysteine increases risk for heart attack and stroke.

______ acid is the term used for the synthetic form of the vitamin found in supplements and added to foods.

The synthetic form, Folic acid, is better absorbed by the body than folate.
TRUE OR FALSE
True False

6. What is a non-food source of vitamin K?

7. Which foods are rich in B-carotene?

8. What is the function of vitamin K?

9. What is a non-food source of vitamin D?

10. What vitamin can only be found in animal products (meat / dairy products)?

11. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor and acid from the stomach to be absorbed?

12.Which nutrients function in the body as antioxidants?

Smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of Vitamin __

13.What is a precursor?

•Smokers and Tobacco chewers have Higher Dietary Reference Intakes
(DRI) for Vitamin __ than nonsmokers. (Remember during your Diet
Analysis project, you were asked if you were a smoker or nonsmoker.
This was to determine your DRI for Vit. ___)

Which of the energy-yielding nutrients is most satiating?

Which of these theories of obesity involves the body "choosing" a weight that it wants to be?

What is the current DRI for exercise?

incompletely broken down ______ molecules are combined to form ketones

Which of these is considered a reasonable rate (not too fast but not exceedingly slow) of weight loss for an overweight person?

_______ is a hormone that suppresses appitite,

_________released by stomach stimulates eating

______________- an opiate that may enhance the desire to eat.

_________ is a losT of body tissue that accompanies certain diseases

From a hormonal perspective, the stomach secretes the appetite stimulate ghrelin; the less stomach, the less ghrelin secreted THIS WOULD CAUSE A ________ APPETITE.