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Meningitis: Definition
Inflammation of the membranes of the SC or brain
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Meningitis: Etiology
- Can be bacterial or viral
- Pts with bacterial are usually sicker with more rapid time course
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Meningitis: Treatment
- Treat infective organism (bacterial meningitis) with antibacterial therapy (antibiotic, antipyretic)
- Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
- Provide supportive symptomatic therapy (bed positioning, PROM, skin care, safety measures if confusion is present)
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Encephalitis: Definition
Severe infection and inflammation of the brain
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Encephalitis: Etiology
- Arboviruses, or asequela in influenza (Reye's syndrome, eastern equine encephalitis, measles),
- Chronic and recurrent sinusitis, otitis, or other infections
- Bacterial encephalitis, prion-caused disease (kuru, "mad cow" disease)
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Encephalitis: Treatment
- Treat infective organism (bacterial encephalitis)
- Provide supportive symptomatic therapy
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Brain Abscess: Definition
- Infectious process in which there is a collection of pyogenic material in the brain parenchyma
- Can be extension of infection (i.e. meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, post TBI)
- Typically frontal or temporal lobes or cerebellum
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Brain Abscess: Signs and Symptoms
- Headaches
- Fever
- Brainstem compression
- Focal signs CN II and VI
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Brain Abscess: Treatment
- Treat infective organism
- Surgical intervention
- Provide supportive symptomatic therapy
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDs): Definition
Viral syndrome characterized by acquired and severe depression of cell-mediated immunity
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AIDs: Symptoms
- Wide ranging, 1/3 of patients exhibit CNS/PNS deficits
- AIDs dementia complex (ADC): symptoms range from confuse and memory loss to disorientation
- Motor deficits: ataxia, weakness, tremor, loss of fine motor coordination
- Peripheral neuropathy: hypersensitivity, pain, sensory loss
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AIDs: Treatment
- Treat with anti-HIV drugs
- Provide palliative and supportive therapy
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