Anthropology 101 Midterm

4 Sub-fields of anthropology

Observations of living primates inform our efforts to understand ourevolutionary past. 

True or False
True False

Archaeology is:

A) the study of human evolution.
B) the study of the behavior and material culture of past human societies.
C) largely devoted to recovering artifacts and buildingmuseum collections.
D) the study of the evolution of language.

Physical anthropology:

A) consists of primatology and linguistics.
B) is the study of human antiquities.
C) relies on the scientific method.
D) all of the above

The scientific method: 

A) seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.
B) involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
C) is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
D) relies on making hunches about the natural world.

A hypothesis:

A) is an attempt to explain observations and predict future scientific results.
B) cannot be refuted by future investigations.
C) is a statement concerning scientific facts.
D) is equivalent to a theory.

Forensic anthropology differs from biocultural anthropology in which of thefollowing ways? 

A) applies anthropological techniques to modern crime scenes and disasters
B) examines the relationship between biological and cultural evolution
C) is the study of nonhuman primates
D) is the study of trauma in ancient populations

How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?

A) It examines the interaction between genetics and culture in shaping human biology.
B) It is strictly a biological science.
C) It combines cultural studies with archaeology.
D) It considers culture to be a byproduct of our biological histories.

Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because: 

A) it was the first evolutionary development that clearlydistinguished us from other animals.
B) it followed brain expansion in human evolution.
C) it allowed hominids to come out of the trees and maketools 10 mya.
D) it was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.

How is a theory different from a hypothesis? 

A) A theory has been less thoroughly tested than ahypothesis
B) A theory is an explanation relying on careful examination and testing of evidence.
C) Unlike a theory, a hypothesis explains observations and  cannot be refuted by new evidence.
D) A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.

Franz Boas

Alfred Wallace was

A) known for gathering even more evidence to support evolution than Darwin did.
B)  an English naturalist who arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin. 
C) a British dog breeder who worked on artificial selection experiments. 

Carolus Linnaeus:

A) developed a classification system for plants and animals. 
B) was a supporter of Charles Darwin.
C) was a proponent of evolutionary change. 
D) developed theories of natural selection. 

The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin’s thinking was:

A)  Charles Lyell. 
B)  Thomas Malthus. 
C) Georges Cuvier.
D) Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Different versions, or subunits, of the same gene are:
A) blenders. 
B) chromosomes. 
C) alleles. 
D) gemmules.

The only possible source of new genetic material is:

A) mutation.
B)  gene drift. 
C)  natural selection.
D) gene flow.

Recessive alleles for a given trait will be expressed if they are inherited:
A) from both parents. 
B) from neither parent. 
C) along with a dominant allele. 
D) from either parent.

The scientist who coined the nameHomo sapiensfor human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomicgroup he called primates was:

A) Carolus Linnaeus.
B) Charles Darwin. 
C) Robert Hooke
D) Georges Cuvier. 

The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was:

A) Charles Darwin. 
B) Robert Hook. 
C) Gregor Mendel. 
D) John Ray.

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes.

A) True 
B) False

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) brain tissue.
B) lung cells.
C) sex cells. 
D) skin cells.

The following are complementary bases in DNA:

A) adenine and thymine. 
B) guanine and thymine. 
C) adenine and cytosine. 
D) guanine and uracil.

Gametes are:
A) diploid. 
B) haploid. 
C) produced during mitosis. 
D) None of the above.

Meiosis results in the production of:

A)  four gametes. 
B) a single gamete. 
C) None of the above. 
D) two gametes.

The expression of polygenic traits:

A) is never influenced by environmental factors. 
B) is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors. 
C) is determined solely by genes at two or more loci. 
D) None of the above.

Chromosome number is reduced during:

A) mitosis.
B) recombination. 
C) translation. 
D) meiosis. 

"Fitness," in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual’s: 

A) strength. 
B)  age at death.
C) reproductive success. 
D) aggressiveness. 

The substitution of one DNA base for another due to a mistake during replication is called a:

A) gene drift. 
B) point mutation.
C) gene. 
D) founder effect. 

The presence of five digits on hands and feet is:

A) characteristic only of primates.
B) characteristic only of hominoids.
C) a primitive mammalian trait, retained in most,primates.
D) the only truly distinctive primate trait.

Living lemurs are found only in:

A) South America.
B) Madagascar.
C) Africa.
D) Asia.

Which of the following are prosimians?

A) gibbons
B) baboons
C) lemurs
D) tamarins

The two suborders of primates are:

A) platyrrhine and catarrhine.
B) tarsiers and anthropoids.
C) pongidae and hominidae
D) prosimians and anthropoids.

All of the anthropoids live in social groups EXCEPT:

A) tamarins.
B) orangutans.
C) howler monkeys.
D) gibbons.

Forensic anthropology:

A) applies anthropological techniques to modern crimescenes and disasters.
B) is the study of nonhuman primates.
C) examines the relationship between biological andcultural evolution.
D) is the study of trauma in ancient populations.

Mutation is the only source of new genetic material.

A) True
B) False

Gene flow increases the number of genetic differences between populations.

A) True
B) False

Carolus Linnaeus:

A) was a proponent of evolutionary change.
B) developed theories of natural selection.
C) developed a classification system for plants and animals.
D) was a supporter of Charles Darwin.