D) cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep?
C) dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called
D) a dural venous sinus
The largest of the cranial dural septa is the
D) falx cerebri
The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the
B) fourth ventricle
The word root ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means
D) an upper garment
Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions?
D) all of the above
Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle?
C) choroid plexus
From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the
A) arachnoid villi
The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations?
A) choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
C) longitudinal fissure
Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe?
B) contains the functionally important precentral gyrus
Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere?
D) cerebral nuclei
The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons?
A) association, commissural, and projection tracts
Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called
C) commissural tracts
Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?
B) primary somatosensory cortex
Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities?
B) premotor cortex
The thalamus does all of the following except
D) receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose
Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives?
D) hypothalamus
What are the three regions of the brainstem?
A) mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
The mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the
C) flocculonodular lobes
Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon.
A) inferior colliculi
The medulla oblongata contains
D) all of the above
Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the
B) cerebellum
Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect?
D) has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres
Components of the limbic system
D) all of the above
Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following?
A) olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?
A) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
Which cranial nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions?
C) III, VII, IX, and X
The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means
A) wandering
All of the following refer to the same region of the mesencephalon except the
D) red nuclei and substantia nigra
Corpus callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection tracts.
D) internal capsule
The amygdaloid body, claustrum, and corpus striatum are all components of the non-cortical gray matter of the cerebrum collectively known as the
B) cerebral nuclei
Until it was banned, visual subliminal advertising seemed like a tremendous tool for the motion picture industry: a photograph of a hot dog interspersed occasionally among the frames of the movie, passing too quickly to be noticed, and yet hot dog sales skyrocketed. Which cerebral nucleus likely played a part?
A) claustrum
The corpus striatum comprises all of the following except the
B) amygdaloid body
Endocrine organs housed within the cranium are all directly associated with which brain region?
C) diencephalon
Because of its major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the ____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality.
C) limbic system
Which thalamic nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and mesencephalon?
B) lateral geniculate nuclei
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________, which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms.
B) hypothalamus
Which hypothalamic nucleus or region serves as the body's "thermostat"?
A) preoptic area
Damage to one's ____________ would impair the somatic reflexes involved in eating.
D) mammillary bodies
The transverse fibers that connect the two parts of the metencephalon are the
D) middle cerebellar peduncles
Outside, the ____________ is covered with folia (literally, "leaves"); inside, it has a "tree" of white matter.
B) cerebellum
Which two parts of the brain most directly control normal breathing?
A) pons and medulla oblongata
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves
C) arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon
Which pair does not correctly match a cranial nerve with its primary functional category?
B) XII, general sensory
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp?
B) facial
The ____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing.
A) vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve assists in monitoring O2 and CO2 levels in the blood?
D) IX
Which cranial nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions?
A) vagus
Of the primary brain vesicles, the only one that does not subdivide during embryonic development is the
C) mesencephalon
Which is more dangerous, and why: a subdural or an epidural hemorrhage?
A) epidural, because a damaged artery produces a rapidly growing hematoma
Of the following, damage to Broca's area would most likely cause
A) nonfluent aphasia
Parkinson disease results from ____________ and is generally ____________.
C) deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine; idiopathic
