Medical Terminology #8

brain and spinal cord

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum

responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality

responsible for sensation such as pain, temperature, and touch

responsible for vision

responsible for higher mental functions

responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex

convolutions of the cerebral hemispheres

shallow grooves that separate gyri

deep grooves in the brain

responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid

plasm-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain and spinal cord

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

nerves the conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; afferent nerves

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; efferent nerves

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various gland

control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily when preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

division of the autonomic nervous that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose

an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

loss or impairment of muscle function

loss or impairment of sensation

pain along the course of a nerve

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses

to pull together

fainting

evoking a response by touching

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

any of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death

conditon of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscles control

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessel of the brain

hardening of the arteries of the brain

condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain

dilation of a blood vessel in the bran

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit

inflammation of the brain

disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups

seizure involvement a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

tumor of the glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movement progressive dementia

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain

inflammation of the meninges

paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction followed by recovery

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromusclar junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength activity resume and strength returns after a period of rest

inflammation of the spinal cord

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake

congential deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system

defect in closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube that results in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull

defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges or of the meninges and spinal cord

condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease of dopamine

paralysis

paralysis on one side of the body

paralysis from the waist down

paralysis of all four limbs

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

inflammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other disease with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to impede the proliferation of malignant cells

radiation treatment to inactive malignant lesion using multiple, precise external radiation beams focused on a target with the aid of a sterotactic frame and imaging such as CT, MRI, or angiography

mechanical device used to localize a point in space, targeting a precise site

agent that relieves pain

agent that prevents or lessens convulsion

agent that induces sleep

emotional feeling or mood

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

a lack of interest or display of emotion

a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

a person's false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence, or power

a person's false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with the intent to harm

a restless, dissatified mood

an exaggerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

a false perception of the sense for which there is no reality

the formation of thoughts or ideas

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

a psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's enviornment

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction