International Business

• Materials Management
• Physical distribution
• Systems concept
• total cost concept
• trade off concept

A complex global network created by a firm to connect with its vendors, suppliers and other third parties and its customers in order to schieve greater cost effciecies and to enhance competitiveness

the timely movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies into and through the firm

the movement of finsihed products from suppliers to customers

a conpect of logistics based on the notion that materials flow activities are so complex that they can be considered only in the context of their interaction

A decision concept that identifies and links expenidures in order to evaluate and optimize logistical activities

a decsion cocept yhat reconizes interavtions within the decision system

Connnecting the value adding activities of the companys; supply sid ewith its demand side

Materials scheduled to arrive precisely when they are needed on the production line, miniimzies storage requirments

Transfer of ocean frieght among various modes of land-based transportation

the transfer of freight among various modes of ocean frieght

the transfer of freight from one type of transportation to another

• Liner service
• Bulk Service
• Tramp Service

Ocean shipping characterized by regularly scheduled passage on established routes

ocean shipping provided on contract either for individual voyages or fpr prolonged periods of time

Ocean shipping via irregular routes scheduled only on demand

Transportation vesseld built to accommodate trucks that can drive on in one port and drive off at their destinations

Barge stored on a ship and lowered at the point of destination to operate on inland waterways

• 1. Transit time
• 2.Predicability
• 3. cost
• 4. on-economic factors

the period between departure and arrival of the shipment

the degree of likelhood that a shipment will arrive on time and in good condition

The capability of the shipper to determine the location of the goods at any point during the shipment

the non-negotiable bill of landing usually used in prepaid transactions in which the transported goods involved are delievered to a specific individual of company

the negotiable bill of landing that can be bought sold or traded while the subject goods are still in trasit and that is used for letter of credit transactions

A bill for trasported goods that describes the merchandise and its toal costs and lists the addresses of the shipper and seller and delivery and payment terms

International commerce terms widely accepted terms used in quating export prices

FOB is the term used with the ownership/liability of goods passes from the seller to the buyer at the time the goods cross the shipping point to be delievered

seller quates a price including insurance , all transportation, and misc charges to the point of debarkation from the vessel or aircraft

• 1. the order cycle time
• 2. desired customer service levels
• 3. use of inventories as a strategic tool

the total time that passes between the placement of the order and the receipt of the merchandise