-
Sol Invictus
- Imperial Cult
- Unconquered Sun
- Primary God in the Roman Empire
-
Platonism
- Matter is corrupt, spirit is pure
- Greek Philosophy
-
Logos
- Gnostic religion
- Christ is the same
- Logic
- Universal reason
-
Saducees
- Preist
- Main focus is rituals
- Sacrifice animals
-
Pharisees
- Synagogues
- Scribes
- Scholars
-
-
Essenes
- Rejected Religion
- Influenced Jewish Christian group
-
-
Gnostic Theology
- via gnosis, "knowledge"
- Creator god is NOT a god, nor the REAL God
- Jesus only APPEARED to be incarnation of God
-
Gnostic Figures
- The Demiurge - Ignorant of his origins
- Sophia - Wisdom of YHWY, Female counterpart to Logos, Mother of Demiurge
- Jesus - Bodily recipient of Christ
- Christ - Savior of humanity, Entered and exited Jesus' body at opportune times
-
catholic
"universal" church
-
heterodoxy
Different doctrine
-
heresy
- Rejected church doctrine
- Anyone who went against the church doctrine
-
Orthodox
- Correct doctrine
- Creator God of Jewish tradition is THE God
- Jesus is the Son of God
-
Orthodox Practices
- Eucharist
- Baptism
- Profession of Faith
-
Jesus of Nazareth
- Parents are Mary and Joseph
- Poor Jewish man (father was a carpenter)
- Went to Jerusalem around age 30
-
Trial and Execution of Jesus
- Roman found him guilty of treason
- Sentenced to death by crucifixion
- Threat to the Roman empire
-
Paul of Tarsus
- Pharisee - Educated Jew and Roman citizen
- Scholar of Jewish religion
- Originally persecuted Jewish-Christians
- Conversion Experience
- Converter of Gentiles
- Traveled - multiple journeys around the empire
- Wrote letters of scripture
- Sin - contributed concept of sin
-
-
Martyr
witness - those who die for faith
-
Constantine
- Emperor who legalized christianity
- Not christian till his death bed
- Moved the capital
- Organized the first council
- Debates about doctrine
-
Theotokos
God bearer (Mary)
-
Pre-Crusades
- West and East split
- Rapid growth of Christianity among commoners/peasants
-
Church in East
- Prosperous - trade routes
- Threats from Muslims
- Coexisting (sometimes with Muslim rulers)
-
Church in Europe
- Conversions of Franks, Goths, Saxons, Danish, Polish, Irish, Slavs, etc.
- Feudal system
- Wealthy patrons support cathedrals
-
Why the started the Crusades?
- Christian Pilgrims treated poorly in Jerusalem
- Seljuk Turks closed pilgrimage sites to Christians
- Orthodox call for help from Catholics
- Pope Urban II calls for a "croisade" from French, Germans, and Italians
-
First Crusade
- Fighters had red cross patches
- First wave defeated
- Second wave successful
- Captured Antioch
- Targeted Muslims and Orthodox
- Killed everyone once in Jerusalem, captured city
-
Second Crusade
- German and French kings joined forces
- Edessa reclaimed by Muslim forces
- Failed to reclaim lost land from Muslims in the "Holy Lands"
- Saladind united Muslims and took control of Jerusalem
-
Third Crusade
- King of England could not capture Jerusalem from Muslims
- France and Germany had fled the scene
- King Richard and Saladin called a truce
-
Forth Crusade
- Italian crusaders attacked Orthodox instead of Jerusalem
- Largest influx of relics brought to Europe
-
Outcome of Crusades
- Muslims retained control of Jerusalem
- Catholic church wealthier for donations by Crusaders
- Wealth in East result of access to trade routes
- Spices enter Europe
- Spanish eventually expel Muslims and Jews
-
Augustine
- Had a prostitute girlfriend
- Stole from neighbor
- Wrote confessions, original sins
- From Roman Empire
-
Christ
The Messiah (annointed)
-
Theodosius
- The Great
- Roman Emperor
- Made Christianity official religion in Roman Empire
- Last emperor who ruled over both eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire
-
Filioque
- Schism
- From the Son
- Controversy between Eastern and Western churches
- Catholic - equality, believed God & Jesus are the same
- Orthodox - Hierarchy, believed Jesus is not the same as God
|
|
