Immuno- Autoimmunity Part 1.txt

The basis of autoimmunity and immune mediated disorders is a....

The lack of a response to a specific Ag.

Self-Ag is expressed in MHC I during...

Self-Ag is expressed in MHC II via...

With T cell tolerance, ___________ occurs in the thymus as thymocyte are developing through __________, which deletes ____________.

With T cell tolerance, ___________ occurs with a lack of a second co-stimulatory signal.

B cells that could react with self are deleted during _______________.

Without _________, autoreactive B cells cannot function properly and have reduced ability to make self-reactive Ab.

Exposure to very low doses of Ag can induce __________.

Exposure to moderate doses of Ag can induce ___________.

Exposure to very high doses of Ag can induce _____________.

________ tolerance is easier to induce and lasts longer than ________ tolerance.

Primary autooimimune diseases occur in a __________ individual without any ________________.

Secondary autoimmune disease have a ____________.

5 predisposing factors for autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases caused by immunologic imbalance are often extensions of ______________.

______ genes may be implicated in autoimmunity because there may be an increased risk of ______________ to ______________.

Autoimmunity is more common in ______[sex] and increases with ________.

Autoimmunity due to __________ may be caused by molecular mimicry, polyclonal B cell activation that can result in production of autoreactive cells, downregulation of the regulatory process, immune complex deposition, bystander activation, and alteration of host membranes.

Immunity against self Ag occurs through 3 pathways:

Recognition of self via _________ occurs when a foreign Ag appears simillar enoug to a self-Ag that the self-A is targeted for destruction.

Pathogen that mimics neurons and cardiac muscle, causing autoimmunity.

Pathogen that mimics integrin LFA-1, causing autoimmunity.

Pathogen that mimics heat shock proteins, causing autoimmunity.

Pathogen that mimics lung tissue, causing autoimmunity.

Pathogen that causes period opthalmia in horses due to autoimmunity and mimicry.

Pathogen that mimics myelin, causing autoimmunity.

Exposure of perviously hidden antigens occurs through... (4)

T-independent activation often occurs with _______ in the _______ and by _________ of _________.

4 factors that affect failure of regulatory control, allowing developing immune cells that recognize self.

Viral infections an activate _________, resulting in expansion of non-Ag specific lymphocytes.

Viral infections are common inducers of __________.

Development of immune cells that recognize self occurs through.... (3)

IMHA is most common in _________ [signalment].

IMHA is caused by mimics of autoimmunity induces _______ against _______.

Pathogen that causes IMHA in horses because of mimicry.

Pathogen that causes IMHA in sheep because of mimicry.

Pathogen that causes IMHA in cats because of mimicry.

Pathogen that causes IMHA in dogs because of mimicry.

Pathogens that causes IMHA in multiple species because of mimicry. (2)

IMHA antibodies are primarily against... (3)

With extravascular hemolysis caused by IMHA, RBC are destroyed by _______ in the __________ and ________.

With intravascular hemolysis associated with IMHA, RBCs are destroyed by _____________ in ___________.

Extravascular hemolysis is more __________ than intravascular hemolysis.

Both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis result in increased __________ and _________.

Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria are only seen with ____________.

Complete Ab are ____ and ____, which are ___________, causing an increased risk of ___________.

____ is an incomplete Ab that causes ___________.

Incomplete Ab does not cause _________.

Complement enhances _____________; the most effect Ab at binding complement is ______.

Cold Ab will often bind in the ____________, resulting in _________ rather than ________.

IMHA class I involves _____, and agglutination ___________; most RBCs are destroyed in the _________.

IMHA class II involves ______; it causes ___________ and __________; phagocytosis occurs preferentially in the ____________ and most RBCs are destroyed __________.

IMHA class III involves _____ (_______); agglutination ________; phagocytosis occurs primarily in the ___________, and most RBCs are destroyed in the __________.

What are the common IMHA classes?

IMHA class IV involves ___________; _____________ is seen; clinical disease is seen at the __________ associated with ____________.

Anemia may not be a feature of IMHA class _____.

IMHA class V involves _____; it causes ______; _________ is activated; disease is seen in __________ with _________; RBCs are removed by the _________.

Three ways to diagnose IMHA.

Autoagglutination does not...

How do you treat IMHA?