Medical Terminology Chapter #7

alveolus (air sac)

bronchus (airway)

bronchiole (little airway)

carbon dioxide

larynx (voice box)

lobe (a portion)

nose

mouth

oxygen

palate

pharynx (throat)

diaphragm (also mind)

pleura (lining of lungs)

air or lung

lung

sinus (cavity)

breathing COMBINING FORM

breathing SUFFIX

chest

tonsil

trachea (windpipe)

uvula

structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract; also houses the olfactory receptors fro the sense of smell

air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

roof of the mouth; partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divded into the hard and soft palate

bony anterior (front) portion of the palate

muscular posterior (back) portion of the palate

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and for air to the larynx

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose; pharyngeal tonsil

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

voice box, passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; contains the vocal cords

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

a lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

windpipe; passageway for the air from the larynx to the area of the carina, where it splits into the right and left bronchi

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs

progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration

subdivisions of the lung, with two on the left and three on the right

membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavity

potential spaces between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upwards and downwards to aid in repiration

partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

thin sheets of tissue that lines respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid fluid

hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move mucous cell secretions upwards

functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration

normal breathing

slow breathing

fast breathing

shallow breathing

difficulty breathing

inability to breathe

ability to breath only in an upright position

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decreased, resulting in apnea

popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis

high-pitched, musical sound heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema

high-pitched, crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway

degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance

bluish coloration of the skin caused by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

hoarseness

nosebleed

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

excessive movements of air into and out of the lungs

deficient level of carbon dioxide in the blood

deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

deficient amount of oxygen in the tissue cells

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding the alveoli

density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process

thin, watery discharge from the nose

panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused y a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough

collapse of lung tissue

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

inflammation of the bronchi

lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation, and damage of lung tissue

inflammation of the larynx

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough

spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

presence of numerous polyps in the nose

inflammation of the pharynx

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

blood in the pleural cavity

inflammation of the pleura

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone

inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals

pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are postive from HIV

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lungs or chest wall

excision of the adenoids

removal of a lobe of a lung

removal of a nasal polyp

removal of an entire lung

puncture for aspiration of the chest

repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs

endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity

creation of an opening in the chest

incision into the chest

excision of the palatine tonsils

excision of the tonsils and adenoids

creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube

incision into the trachea

methods of artificial respiration and chest compression to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart have stopped

use of a device with a mask that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages; commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs

a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

mechanical breathing using a ventilator

a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

a drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of thombi or emboli in the blood vessels

a drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine

a compound in the body that is released by injured cells during allergic reactions, inflammation, and so on, causing constrictions of bronchial smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels

a drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi

a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing

ABG

AP

Bx

COPD

CPAP

CPR

CT

CXR

HIV

LTB

MRI

PA

PaCO₂

PaO₂

PE

PEFR

PF

PFT

pH

PSG

T&A

TB

TV or V_t

URI

VC

V/Q