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Neutrophils or granulocytes functions:
What are Mature Neutrophils called? What is the function?
What are less Mautre neutrophils called?What is the function?
What is the Absolute Neutrophil Count?
What is Left Shift or Bandemia?
Nonspecific ingestion and phagocytosis of microorganisms and foreign proteins
- Mature neutrophils: capable of phagocytosis. The Higher the number of this neutrophil (Absolute Neutrophil Count, ANC) the greater the resistance to infection.
- Segs or segmented neutrophils
- Polys or PMNs or polymorphonuclear
- Less Mature neutrophils: (does not do anything)
- band neutrophils or bands or stabs
Bandemia or Left Shift: When more less mature neutrophils are present in the blood due to sepsis indicating that the patient's bone marrow cannot produce enough mature neutrophils to keep up with the infection.
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What are Macrophages and what are its functions?
Nonspecific recognition of foreign proteins and microorganisms: ingestion and phagocytosis. Repair, antigen processing/presenting and secretion of cytokines. Stimulate AMI and CMI. They also last a very long time unlike Neutrophils.
- They move from bone marrow to blood and travel around into body tissues.
- In the lung they are called: Alveolar Macrophages
- In the Connective Tissue, they are called: Histiocyte
- In the Brain, they are called: Microglial Cell
- In the liver, they are called: Kupffer Cell
- In the Peritoneum, they are called: Peritoneal Macrophages
- In the Bone, they are called: Osteoclast
- In the Joint, they are called: Synovial Type A Cell
- In the Kidney, they are called: Mesangial Cell
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Monocyte
Destruction of bacteria and cellular debris; matures into macrophages
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Eosinophils
Why does Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions?
- Weak phagocytic action; releases vasoactive amines during allergic reactions.
- Act against infestations of parasitic larvae.
- Substances inside induce inflammation when released
- enzymes degrade the vasoactive chemicals released by other leukocytes can limit inflammatory reactions ( thus circulating eosinophils increases during allergic reactions. )
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Basophil
Releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage causing the manifestations of inflammation.
It contains Vasoactive Amines or chemicals (heparin, histamine, seratonin, kinins and leukotrienes) that are released. it acts on smooth muscle and blood vessel walls.
- heparin - inhibits clotting
- histamine - constrict small veins (inhibits blood flow and venous return) and respiratory smooth muscles (restricting airways) resulting in blood collecting in capillaries and arterioles
- seratonin -
- kinins - dilate arterioles and increase capillary permeability causing plasma to leak into interstitial space (vascular leak syndrome)
- leukotrienes -
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