Respiration 5 - Respiratory Processes in Acid/Base Balance

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Define acidosis and alkalosis
- Acidosis is a disease process which lowers the pH of the blood > acidaemia
- Alkalosis is a disease process which raises the pH of the blood > alkalaemia
What is the equation of the carbon dioxide buffer system?

CO₂ + H₂O --> H₂CO₃ --> HCO₃^- + H⁺
Which part of the equation can be controlled by a) the kidneys b) respiration
- a) HCO₃^-
- b) CO₂
What is the normal blood pH range?

7.37-7.42
What is the blood pH range compatible with life?

6.8-8.0
What effect does driving the CO₂ buffer equation (CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> HCO3- + H+) to the right have on ph?

It increases pH as more H⁺ ions are produced. This can lead to respiratory acidosis
Give examples as to why respiratory acidosis can occur?

Respiratory failure, inadequate V_A
What effect does driving the CO2 buffer equation (CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> HCO3- + H+) to the left have on ph?

It decreases pH as there are less H⁺ions present because they combine with HCO₃^-. This can lead to respiratory alkalosis.
Give examples as to why respiratory alkalosis can occur

Hyperventilation, excessive V_Aeg CNS excitment/disease
Respiratory acid/base disorders involve altered ...?

PCO₂
Describe the primary change in metabolic acidosis and any compensatory mechanisms that occur
- Primary change - decreased HCO₃^-
- Compensatory mechanisms - respiratory compensation consists of hyperventilation to lower PCO₂. Renal compensation consists of increased H⁺ excretion and HCO₃^- generation.
Describe the primary change in metabolic alkalosis and any compensatory mechanisms that occur
- Primary change - increased HCO₃^-
- Compensatory mechanisms - respiratory compensation consists of hypoventilation to raise PCO₂. Renal compensation consists of decreased H⁺ excretion and increased HCO₃^- excretion.
Describe the primary change in respiratory acidosis and any compensatory mechanisms that occur
- Primary change - increased PCO₂
- Compensatory mechanisms - no respiratory compensation. Renal compensation consists of increasing H⁺ excretion and HCO₃^- generation.
Describe the primary change in respiratory alkalosis and any compensatory mechanisms that occur
- Primary change - decrease in PCO₂
- Compensatory mechanisms - no respiratory compensation. Renal compensation consists of decreasing H⁺excretion and increasing HCO₃^- excretion.
True or false: respiratory compensation takes longer to occur than renal compensation?

False: respiratory compensation is immediate whereas renal compensation takes a while for the necessary enzyme processes to start to facilitate any changes.

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Anonymous

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Card Set

Respiration 5 - Respiratory Processes in Acid/Base Balance

Description

Vet Med - Module 9

Updated

2015-02-23T14:56:07Z

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