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Types - Major
Find the assumption - missing logic gap
Draw a conclusion - answer is close to text (sounds boring)
Strengthen the conclusion
Weaken the conclusion
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Question Types - Minor
- Restate the conclusion
- Evaluate the conclusion
- Analyze the arguement structure
- Mimic the arguement
- Explain an event or discrepancy
- Provides an example
- Resolve a problem
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"Except" questions
Rephrase "except" into the question, insert the word "NOT"
"Which one does NOT explain event X?"
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Answer Choice w Boundary & Extreme words
A correct answer choice must be 100% true
- Extreme words - make the arguement very broad or far reaching
- - large or ridicously small difference
- - use conclusion and the question to elimiate the choice
- - Ex: always, never, all, none, never
- Boundary - limit the scope
- - include in diagram (underline or capitalize)
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CR structure
- PREMISE + (Assumptions) = Conclusion
- (stated info) + (unstated, necessary to reach conclusion) = (main point)
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Finding the assumption
Necessary, but not sufficient...this will make the conclusion somewhat likely to be true
- Negated assumption - if the assumption is NOT reasonable, makes the arguement sound nonsensical
- ~ answer choice is almost certainly correct
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Types of assumption
(1 of 4)
- Serve as a "logic gap" => tend to be fact based or provide background info
- P + _ => C
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Types of assumption (2 of 4)
Establish the premise
reflects the opinion or claims=> occur in the way the arguement will assume it will
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Types of assumption (3 of 4)
Eliminate alt paths to reach a given conclusion
~ only one correct assumption in the answer choice
X --> Z (not Y)
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Types of assumption (4 of 4)
Cause & effect => eliminate casualty in the other direction
X --> Z because Z # X
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