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Where is the hindbrain located?
at the posterior portion of the brain
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What combines to make up the brain stem?
- Hindbrain structures
- Midbrain
- Other central structures of the brain
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Where is the medulla located?
- Just above the spinal cord
- Could be regarded as an enlarged extension of the spinal cord
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What is the medulla responsible for?
Vital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing and sneezing
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What do cranial nerves do?
They allow the medulla to control sensations from the head, muscle movements, in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs to the organs
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Pons
- Lies on each side of the medulla (ventral and anterior)
- Along with the medulla, contains the reticular formation and raphe system
- Works in conjunction to increase arousal and readiness of other parts of the brain
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What do the ascending and descending portions of the reticular formation do?
- Descending: one of the several brain areas that control the motor areas of the spinal cord
- Ascending: sends output to much of the cerebral cortex, selectively increasing arousal and attention
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What does the raphe system of the pons do?
Also sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying the brains readiness to respond to stimuli
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Where is the cerebellum located?
Located in the hindbrain with many deep folds
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What does the cerebellum do?
- Helps regulate motor movement, balance, and coordination
- Also important for shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
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