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What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?
- Cranial - thoracic inlet
- Dorsal - thoracic vertebrae
- Caudal - diaphragm
- Ventral - sternum
- Lateral - ribcage
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What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?
- Cranial - diaphragm
- Caudal - pelvic inlet
- Dorsal - lumbar vertebrae
- Ventral and lateral - muscular wall
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List the functions of the thoracic cavity
- Provides support and protection for vital organs contained within
- Plays an important role in respiration/breathing
- Ribcage provides a large surface area for muscle attachment
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List the functions of the abdominal cavity
- Provides support and protection for vital organs contained within
- Plays an important role in respiration/breathing
- Abdominal press
- Movement of trunk (flexion and lateral movement)
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List the layers that you would incise through in the a) thoracic b) abdominal cavity
- a) Skin and cutaneous trunci muscle, superficial fascia, deep fascia and muscle, ribcage and intercostal muscles, pleura
- b) Skin and cutaneous trunci muscle, superficial fascia, deep fascia and muscle, peritoneum
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How many thoracic vertebrae and ribs are present in dogs?
13 thoracic vertebrae and 13 pairs of ribs
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How many sternebrae are present in the dog?
8
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What two structures are located at the proximal end of a rib?
Head and tuberculum
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What is located at the distal end of a rib?
Costal cartilage
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The boundary between the bone and costal cartilage is called the ...?
costochondral junction
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Which ribs articulate with intersternebral cartilages?
Ribs 1-9
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What do ribs 10-12 form?
The costal arch
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What is rib 13 sometimes referred to as?
The floating rib
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What does the head of ribs 1-10 articulate with?
The caudal costal fovea of the vertebrae in front and the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding vertebrae
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What does the tuberculum of ribs 1-10 articulate with?
The transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae
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What structures does rib 1 articulate with?
T1 and C7
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How does the articulation of ribs 11-13 differ from that of ribs 1-10?
The head and tuberculum of ribs 11-13 only articulate with the corresponding vertebrae
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Which ligament runs between the heads of corresponding pairs of ribs?
The intercapital ligament
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What structures does the intercapital ligament merge with?
The annulus fibrosis abd dorsal longitudinal ligament
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True or false: the intercapital ligament is present in all the ribs?
False: it is only present in ribs 1-10
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Which ligament runs from the tuberculum of the rib to the transverse process of the vertebrae?
Costo-transverse ligament
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Where is the radiate ligament located?
Ventrally - it helps to hold the head of the rib
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What area of the ribcage is the diaphragm attached to?
The last sternebrae - the xiphoid
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When the diaphragm contracts during inspiration what direction is the ribcage pulled in?
Cranially and laterally
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When the diaphragm relaxes during expiration what direction is the ribcage pulled in?
Caudally and medially
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What fills the intercostal spaces?
Intercostal muscles
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What direction do the fibres run in the external/internal intercostal muscles?
- External - caudoventral
- Internal - cranioventral
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Where do the external/internal intercostal muscles extend to?
- External - extend to the costochondral junction
- Internal - extend to the sternum
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What is the function of the intercostal muscles?
They ensure that the ribcage moves together during inspiration and expiration and therefore function as a single unit
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Where do the intercostal vein, artery and nerve run?
Down the caudal aspect of the ribs to the costocondral junction where they branch to run down both aspects
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Where should you make a surgical incision through the intercostal space?
Through the middle and not too far distally, to avoid damaging the intercostal VAN structures
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What artery dose the intercostal artery join?
The internal thoracic artery
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List the components of the abdominal wall
Linea alba, rectus abdominus, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdominus
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Where does the linea alba run to and from?
From the sternum to the pubis
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Where does the rectus abdominus originate and insert?
O - sternum, I - pelvis
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What direction do the muscles fibres run in for EAO, IAO and TA?
- EAO - caudoventral
- IAO - cranioventral
- TA - dorsoventral
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What is the name of the slit like opening in the caudoventral region of the EAO? And IAO?
- The superficial inguinal ring
- The deep inguinal ring
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What structures run through the inguinal canal in males/females?
- Males - external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, testes, cremaster muscle, spermatic cord, blood supply
- Female - external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, vaginal process
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