MED SCIENCE QUIZ PART 2

• When it over grows, it will release toxins that attack intestinal lining
• causes Clostridium difficile colitis

Through good hygiene

• Watery Diarrhea (15 times a day)
• severe abdominal pain
• loss of apetite
• blood or pus in stool

• patients in hospitals 
• longterm care facilities

• devices doctors and nurses use when in training to develop skills
• Ex. virtual activites

a coordination of all the patients medical records in one place

• for ausculation (listening to internal sounds)
• to examine the circulatory, repiratory and gastro intestinal system
• combined with sphygamomanometer

• Rene Laennec
• In 1816

• Acoustic
• Electronic
• Fetal
• Doppler

• sound travels via an airfilled hollow tube to ears
• other end made up of plastic disk or hollow cup
• disk or cup will vibrate causing waves in hollow

amplifies low level sounds

• listen to heart of the fetus
• uses forehead

• Adolph Pinnard 
• 1844-1934

measure doppler effect of ultrasound waves reflected from body.

a blood pressure measure

• 1) place cuff around upper arm
• 2) be in a seated position
• 3)inflate cuff until artery is blocked
• 4)slowly release pressure
• 5)listen to brachial artery
• 6)listen for expansion and contraction of artery when blood begins to flow through
• Initial sound is systolic
• final time is diastolic

pressure in arteries when the heart contracts

pressure in arteries when the heart relaxes

• highly penetrating ionizing radiation
• used to take pics of  dense tissue (bones,teeth,tumors)
• dense tissue absorbs radiation
• radiation passes through body onto radiographic film

• cathode and anode in x-ray tube
• cathode releases energy as electric current
• anode attract electron
• causes energy (photons) to be released
• X-ray beam is only absorbed by dense materials
• radiographic film is behind it
• photons reach film and rxn occurs
• black= photon reach
• white= photon absorbed

uses high frequency sound waves to create images

• sound waves are emitted from a high-frequency probe into patients body
• either reflected back or taken in by body
• sound wave is converted into electrical signal
• strength of sound corresponds to brightness of image on monitor

• Computerized tomography
• Computerize Axial Tomography

• Godrey Hounfield
• 1972

produces a series of x-rays slices of the body

a patient will lie on a table that moves through an x-ray machine as it rotates around the body.

brain, neck,, spine, chest, abdomen

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

it uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to form images

An artificial device that replaces a missing body part

• include should elbow and wrist disarticulation (seperation at joint), full hand, partial hand, finger partial finger
• Transhumeral or transradial

(AE) above elbow

(BE) Below elbow

transfemoral prosthesis, knee disarticulation, transtibial prosthesis, symes disarticulation.

• Above the knee
• use more energy to walk

• done between bone surface
• advantages:
• limb can tolerate heavy weight
• retain full length femur 
• increase stability
• disadvantages:
• knee extends beyond actual knee

Below the knee

• through ankle
• can have weight on remaining part of foot

• Cable operated 
• Myoelectric operated

attach harness or cable around opposite shoulder of damaged arm

uses electrodes to sense when muscles in remaining portion move

• Interface 
• components
• cover

where body attaches to the prosthesis

the working part of the prosthesis

assist with covering prosthetic to make it match skin