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What does the Hypothalmus produce?
- ADH - antidiuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
- Regulatory hormones
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What does the Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) gland produce?
- ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
- TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
- GH - growth hormone
- PRL - prolactin
- FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
- LH - luteinizing hormone
- MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone
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What does the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) produce?
- Release of oxytocin
- ADH - antidiuretic hormone
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What does the thyroid gland produce?
- T4 - Thyroxin
- T3 - Triodothyronine
- CT - Calcitonin
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What does the Thymus produce?
Thymosins
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What do the adrenal glands produce?
- Medulla: epinpehrine (E), norepinephrine (NE)
- Cortex: Cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens
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What does the pineal gland produce?
Melatonin
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What does the parathyroid glands produce?
PTH - Parathyroid hormone
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What hormones does the heart produce?
ANP - Atrial natriuretic peptide
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What hormones does the kidney produce?
- (EPO)Erythropoietin
- Calcitriol
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What hormones does the digestive tract produce?
Numerous hormones
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What do the pancreatic islets produce?
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What do the gonads produce?
- Ovaries: Estrogens, Progestins, inhibin
- Testes: Androgens, testosterone, inhibin
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What are the 4 main groups hormones can be classified into?
- Regulation of internal chemical balance
- Response to stress, trauma, temperature changes
- Growth and Development
- Reproduction
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What gland is also known as the "master gland?"
Pituitary gland
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What are steroid hormones?
Hormones derived from lipids
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What are nonsterioid hormones?
Hormones derived from amino acids
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What are the 5 steroid hormones?
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
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What are the 10 nonsteroid hormones?
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- thyroxine
- Triiodothyronine
- antidiuretic hormone
- oxytocin
- growth hormone
- parathyroid hormone
- insulin
- glucagons
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What does oxytocin do?
Stimulates the uterus, causing labor contractions
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What does the pituitary gland regulate?
Reproduction, growth, renal systems, thyroid gland
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What is hypothyroidism?
An underfucntioning thyroid
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What is hyperthyroidism?
- An overfunctioning thyroid
- (Grave's disease)
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What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- sleepy
- less mentally alert
- tires easily
- slow heart rate
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What is hypoparathyroidism?
- Parathyroid glands don't produce enough hormones
- Symptoms: Abdominal pain, brittle nails, cataracts
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What is tetany?
- Caused by hypoparathyroidism
- Symptoms: prolonged muscle spasms involving the face and extremities
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What is hyperparathyroidism?
- Overproduction of parathyroid hormone
- Bones grow thin and brittle, nervous system is depressed, skeletal muscles weaken
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What is the fight or flight response?
- Caused by norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system
- Increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, elevated blood pressure, decreased digestive functioning
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What are palliatives?
Drugs that relieve symptoms, but do not cure the condition or disease
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What are hypoglycemic drugs?
- Treat Type-II diabetes
- Diabeta, Diabenese, Tolinase
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What is amenorrhea?
Absense of a menstrual period
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What is dysmenorrhea?
Uterine pain during menstration
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What is menopause?
Menstration ceases and marks the end of a woman's fertility
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What are androgens?
- Male sex hormones
- Development of male sex organs
- Development of secondary male sex characteristics
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What is hypogonadism?
When the male gonads don't produce enough hormones
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What is testosterone sometimes used for in females?
Treat some types of advanced breast cancer
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What is endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue growing someplace other than the uterus lining
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What is fibrocystic disease of the breast?
Fibroids located in the tissue of the breast
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What is osteoporosis?
Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile bones, due to lack of calcium
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What is recombinant DNA technology?
Combining DNA molecules from two different species to produce new, beneficial genetic combinations
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