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Atria
Chambers in the hear where blood flows from the veins to ventricles. Conctraction here adds to ventricular filling but is not essential for it
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Ventricles
Chambers whose contractions produce the pressures that drive blood through the pulmonary and systemic vascular systems and back to the heart
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Components of the vascular system
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
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Arteries
Low-resistance tubes conducting blood to the various organs with little loss in the pressure. They also act as pressure reservoirs for maintaining blood flow during ventricular relaxation
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Arterioles
Major sites of resistance to flow; responsible for the pattern of blood-flow disrtibution to the various organs; participate in the regulation of arterial blood pressure
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Capillaries
Major sites of nutrient, meabolic end product, and fluid exchange between blood and tissues
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Venules
Sites of nutrient, metabolic end product, and fluid exchange between blood and tissues
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Veins
Low-resistance conduits for blood flow back to the heart. Their capacity for blood is adjusted to faciliate this flow
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Plasma
Liquid portion of blood that contains dissolved nutrients, ions, wastes, gases, and other substances. Its composition equilibrates with that of the interstitual fluid at the capillaries
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What are the two circuits that make up the circulatory system?
- 1) Pulmonary Circulation: from the right ventricle to the lungs and then to the left atrium
- 2)Systemic Circulation: Left ventricle to all peripheral organs and tissues and then to right atrium
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Where does the superior vena cava colelct blood from?
HEad, NEck, Upper limbs, thorax
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Where does the inferior vena cava collect blood from?
Abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs
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