A&P 2 exam 1 (part 4)

study of hormones

released outside of body

released into blood stream

very slow and influences metabolism via chemical messages

electrochemical impulses regulate muscles and glands

major endocrine glands

presence of a hormone causes both of these to happen

2 types of hormones are derived from

this type of hormone is more popular than a steroid based hormone

hormone that works by a secondary messenger system

2 types of secondary messenger systems

type of protein and receives info from a hormone

breaks down energy (ATP) into cAMP

2 messages a cell get in cAMP signaling?

molecule of guanosine is attached to the protein and it is inactive until hormone binds on to the receptor

GDP goes to GTP when

may cause cell to open ion channels, but it depends on hormone and what it is designed to do

why do you want more glucose in your blood stream?

glucose + O2 ==>

enable transcription inside the cell

has no secondary messenger system and just goes straight into the cell

when a hormone is released, the concentration of that hormone ____, the concentration of blood will go ____

ex of humoral response

travel in blood free or bound to protein carriers

blood hormone concentration decrease bc of

half life of a hormone?

when the concentration of the hormone is 50% of its maximal level

half life refers to

3 major stimuli of hormone release

fluid in human body when Ca++ lowering causes PTH release

nerve cell where SNS stimulates adrenal gland to release epinephrine

hypothalamus releases hormones that cause pituitary to release other hormones

plasma changes in human body due to

releases precursor hormone

breaks down stored fat and turns it into fatty acids to make ATP

2 areas particularly targeted by growth hormone that grow the most

substance released before thyroid hormone is released

initial stimulus that acts on body temperature

controls body temperature

regulates metabolic rate

thyroid stimulating hormone

thyroid releasing hormone

why is calcium needed

if growth hormone is down regulated, than it will create

when calcium level is too low,

up regulating osteoclast activity means that

mediates process of absorbing calcium from diet through wall

calcium goes out of kidney and back into the bloodstream

what allows calcium to be reabsorbed

converts stored proteins into glucose

low level of plasma glucose

series of different hormones that affect plasma glucose levels

when body temperature goes up, what happens to the rate of ATP production?

take stored body reserves, convert into glucose and use

when levels are too high of glucocorticoids, the body

__ and ___ reabsorption are linked in kidneys

cause bronchial dilation

quickest way to increase blood pressure?

catecholamines?

2 hormones released by the pancreas?

when too much glucose is released?

in times of starvation, what happens to plasma glucose?

hormone that promotes birth

elimating water

if you drink a lot, but cant get rid of it what happens to your blood pressure?