The flashcards below were created by user
Falynn
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Occipitofrontalis
- links the frontal and occipital bones
- raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
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Epicranial aponeurosis
Sheet-like tendon in between the occipitalis and frontalis muscles
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Platysma
- Muscle almost exclusively in the neck with muscles in the jaw area
- Innervated by CN7
- Weird mouth-frown
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Orbicularis Oculi
- Circular fascicles around the eye
- allow for closing of the eye - winking
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris
- On the eyelid
- Opens the eye
- Innervated by occularmotor nerve (CN3)
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Orbicularis Oris
- Circular fascicles around the mouth
- Allows for puckering of the mouth (kissing)
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Buccinator
- One of the largest facial muscles
- Roles in mastication and facial expression
- Compresses the cheek, deep to the zygomaticus muscles
- Whistling, sucking, blowing, chewing
- Innervated by CN7
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Masseter and Temporalis
- Muscles of mastication
- Function in elevating the mandible
- Innervated by trigeminal nerve - CN5
- Masseter goes from skull to mandible
- Temporalis covers the temple
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Medial & Lateral Pterygoids
- Move the mandible from side to side
- Lateral: protracts and thrusts the mandible forward
- Medial: elevates the mandible
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Digastric
- Depresses the mandible
- 2 bellies - 2 innervations (one by CN7, the other by CN7)
- Chin to neck
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Mylohyoid
- From hyoid to mandible
- Supports the floor of the mouth and elevates the hyoid for swallowing
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Sternocleidomastoid
- Originates at the sternum and clavicle (2 heads)
- Inserts at the mastoid process (temporal) and the nuchal line (occipital)
- Innervated by CN11
- Contraction of both flexes the cervical vertebrae - nods head
- Contraction of one laterally flexes the neck and rotates the face in the opposite direction
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Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
- Rotates the head to the same side of the contracting muscle
- When acting together, they extend the head
- Found in the back of the neck
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Pectoralis Major
- Clavicular and sternocostal heads
- Clavicular head: flexes the arm
- Sternocostal head: extends the flexed arm to the side of the trunk
- Acting together: adducts and medially rotates the arm and shoulder joints
- Found in the breast area
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Pectoralis Minor
- Anterior thoracic muscle
- Originates from the ribs, inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula
- Deep to the pectoralis major
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Serratus Anterior
- Originates at the ribs, inserts into the inner surface of the scapula
- Saw-like appearance
- Long thoracic nerve innervates supperficially
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Trapezius
- Posterior thoracic muscle
- Extends from the skull and vertebral column and medially to the pectoral girdle
- Most superficial back muscle
- Together: rotate scapula upward, stabilizes scapula
- Can elevate and depress scapula
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oRhomboid Major & Minor
- Major: Inferior
- Minor: Superior
- Deep to the trapezius
- forcibly lowers raised upper limbs (push scapula together)
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Rectus Abdominis
- Spans the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall
- Tendinous intersections --> six pack
- Plays a role in flexing the vertebral column
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External & Internal Obliques
- External: superficial, hands in pocket
- Internal: middle, push hair out of face
- Provide protection to the abdominal viscera
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Transverse Abdominis
- Deep to the obliques
- Provides protection to the abdominal viscera
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Diaphragm
- Dome shaped
- Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities of the ventral cavity
- 3 major openings for structures to pass through between the thorax and abdomen (esophagus, aorta, inferior vena cava)
- Innervated by the phrenic nerve
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External, Internal, & Innermost Intercostals
- External: superficial
- Internal: intermediate
- Innermost: deep (poorly developed)
- Innervated by thoracic spinal nerves
- Function in forced breathing (internal = expiration, external = inhalation)
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Latissimus Dorsi
- Incredibly strong and thick
- Inferior part of the back
- Functions in abducting and extending the arm
- Forms most of the posterior wall on the axilla
- Twist near insertion to increase mechanical advantage
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Deltoid
- Thick, powerful, forms rounded contour of the shoulder
- 3 sets of fibers in different areas
- Flexion, abduction (after 15 degrees done by supraspinatus), rotation, extension of the humerus
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Biceps Brachii
- Large muscle
- Long (originates on scapula) and short (originates on humerus) heads
- Spans shoulder and elbow joints
- Flexes shoulder and supinates hand
- Flexes forearm
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Brachialis
- Deep to biceps brachii
- Most powerful flexor of the forearm
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Triceps Brachii
- Posterior surface of the arm
- 3 heads or origin (long, lateral, medial)
- Long crosses the shoulder joint and the forearm, others don't
- Extend the shoulder and forearm
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Extend the wrist
- Posterior in anatomical position
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis
- Extend the wrist
- Posterior in anatomical position
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Extensor Digitorum
Occupies most of the posterior surface of the forearm
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Pronator Teres
- From the medial epicondyle to the radius
- Contraction turns the palm down toward the floor
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flex the wrist
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flex the wrist
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flex the digits
- Doesn't go all the way to the distal phalange
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flex the digits
- Does go all the way to the distal phallange
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Palmaris Longus
Weakly flexes the hand at the wrist joint
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Sartorius
- Longest single muscle in the body
- Allows you to sit cross-legged by twisting the thigh
- From the illium to the medial side of the tibia
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Adductor Longus, Brevis, and Magnus
- Huge, on medial portion of the thigh
- Adduct and flex the thigh at the hip joint
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Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus
- Maximus: largest, heaviest, most superficial. Actions are critical for walking and standing.
- Medius: mostly deep to the maximus. Abduct and medially rotate the femur - walking and running.
- Minimus: smallest and deep to medius. Similar functions to the medius.
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Biceps Femoris
- Lateral thigh muscle of the hamstrings
- Extend the hip and flex the knee
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Semitendinosus
- Medial thigh muscle of the hamstrings
- Extend the hip and flex the knee
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Semimembranosus
- Medial thigh muscle of the hamstrings
- Extend the hip and flex the knee
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Tibialis Anterior
- Lateral surface of the tibia
- Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint and inverts the foot at the intertarsal joints
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extends digits 2-5
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extends digit 1 (big toe)
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Gastrocnemius
- Posterior, prominence of the calf
- Plantar flexes the foot
- Flexes the leg at the knee joint
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Soleus
- Deep to the gastrocnemius
- Plantar flexes the foot
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Popliteus
- Back of the knee
- Flexes the knee joint and medially rotates the tibia
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Tibialis Posterior
Deep to the soleus
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Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexes digits 2-5
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Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexes digit 1 (big toe)
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