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The intraembryonic coelom located cranial to the oropharyngeal membrane becomes the:
Oral cavity.
Cranial foregut.
Stomodeum.
Pericardial cavity.
Nasal cavity.
pericardial cavity
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In the five week embryo, the ventral mesentery of the primitive gut disappears, except where it is attached to the:
Cranial region of the foregut.
Embryonic part of the yolk sac.
Caudal region of the hindgut.
Caudal region of the foregut.
Cranial region of the midgut.
- caudal region of the foregut ( essentially the ventral mesogastrium although it includes an attachement to the 1st part of the duodenum )
- liver and gallbladder develop in the ventral mesentery.
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The intraembryonic coelom first appears during the ______ week.
Second.
Third.
Fourth.
Fifth.
Sixth.
third week
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How is the intremebryonic coelom formed?
During the 3rd week , spaces appear within the embryonic mesoderm laterrally.
These spaces coalesce to form a horseshoe -shaped cavity known as the intraembryonic coelom.
This coelom is continuous with the extraembryonic coellon laterally.
The coelon divides mesoderm into somatic and splanchnic layers.
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Most myoblasts or muscle-forming
cells of the diaphragm arise from mesenchymal cells originating in the:
Septum transversum.
Cervical somites.
Thoracic body wall.
Splanchnic mesoderm.
Neural crest.
- cervical somites
- phrenic nerves C3-C5 innervate the diaphragm
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Which one is NOT true concerning the development of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves pass through pleuroericardial membranes to reach diaphragm.
Sole motor nerves to the diaphragm arise from spinal cord segments at cervical levels 3,4 and 5.
Periphery of diaphragm is supplied by sensory branches of intercostal nerves.
Phrenic nerves form during the 8th week as septum transversum lies as the level of the cervical somites.
Phrenic nerves form during the 8th week as septum transversum lies as the level of the cervical somites.
- REASON:
- phrenic nerves, from C3-C5, reach the diaphragm slightly later than 4th week , when septum transversum lies at cervical levels.
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Which of the following is true concerning congenital diaphragmatic hernia through a
posterolateral defect?
It is the most common type of diaphragmatic hernia.
Stomach, intestines and part of the liver may herniate into the thoracic cavity.
It occurs more often on the left side.
The lungs may be compressed and hypoplastic.
- It is the most common type of diaphragmatic hernia.
- Stomach, intestines and part of the liver may herniate into the thoracic cavity.
- It occurs more often on the left side.
- The lungs may be compressed and hypoplastic.
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Posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia is caused by what?
failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal canals.
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The pleuropericardial membranes give rise to the fibrous pericardium of the adult. In the embryo, this membrane contains:
Lung buds.
Cardinal veins.
Dorsal aortae.
Phrenic nerves.
- cardinal veins
- phrenic nerves
the lung buds are usually behind or below the pleuropericardial folds/membranes.
Dorsal aortae is also behind.
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Which of the following gives rise to pleura?
Ectoderm.
Splanchnic mesoderm.
Endoderm.
Somatic mesoderm.
- splanchnic mesoderm
- somatic mesoderm
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What divides the mesoderm? and how?
- coelom
- into somatic mesoderm and splanchnic mesoderm
-
the somatic mesoderm becomes what?
- parietal pleura of lungs
- peritoneum
- serous pericardium
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the splanchnic mesoderm becomes what?
visceral serous membranes
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which of the following DOES not contibute to the formation of diaphragm?
body wall musculature
pleuroperitoneal membranes
septum transversum
ventral mesentery
mesentery of esophagus
somites C3-C5
ventral mesentery
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which of the following DOES contibute to the formation of diaphragm?
body wall musculature
pleuroperitoneal membranes
septum transversum
ventral mesentery
mesentery of esophagus
somites C3-C5
- body wall musculature
- pleuroperitoneal membranes
- septum transversum
- mesentery of esophagus
- somites C3-C5
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the crura of diaphragm comes from what?
mesentery of esophagus
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Somites C3-C5, in the diaphragm development, give rise to what?
muscular elements
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In diaphragm formation, the septum transversum gives rise to what?
central tendon of diaphragm
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The coelom originally located cranial to the prochordal plate becomes the:
Mouth cavity.
Stomodeum.
Pericardial cavity.
Pharyngeal cavity.
Pleural cavity.
Heart
the heart begins to develop beneath the intraembryonic coelom cranial to prochordal plate.
Folding of the embryo brings the heart and the pericardial cavity into the chest.
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After folding of the head region, the structure lying just caudal to the pericardial cavity is the:
Developing heart.
Connecting stalk.
Primitive streak.
Liver.
Septum transversum.
septum transversum
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what's the diaphragm earliest progenitor?
septum transversum
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Which structure develops, in part, within septum transversum? and the other part develops from what?
Lungs.
Small intestine.
Larynx.
Esophagus.
Stomach.
Parietal pleura.
Visceral pleura.
Liver.
Pancreas.
Ascending colon.
Transverse colon.
liver.
ventral mesentery
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Which structure develops dorsal to the intraembryonic coelom in the region cranial to the prochordal plate/oropharyngeal membrane?
Lung.
Small intestine.
Larynx.
Esophagus.
Heart.
Stomach.
Parietal pleura.
Visceral pleura.
Liver.
Pancreas.
Ascending colon.
Transverse colon.
heart
in the cardiogenic region
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Which structure develops from the somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm?
Lung.
Small intestine.
Larynx.
Esophagus.
Heart.
Stomach.
Parietal pleura.
Visceral pleura.
Liver.
Pancreas.
Ascending colon.
Transverse colon.
Parietal layer
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Growth of the pleuropericardial membranes is due to what?
descendent of the heart
expansion of pleural cavities
growth of common cardinal veins ventrocranially
expansion of the pericardial cavity
- descent of the heart
- growth of the common cardinal veins ventrocranially
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The intraembryonic coelom:
Gives rise to the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities.
Has a communication with the amniotic
cavity.
Splits the lateral plate mesoderm.
Is continuous with the yolk sac.
Has a comunication with chorionic cavity
- gives rise to pleural , ericardial and peritoneal cavities
- splits the lateral plate mesoderm ( into somatic mesoderm - lines the body wall; splanchnic mesoderm - lines the yolk sac)
- Has a comunication with the chorionic cavity
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The embryonic mesogastrium NEVER contains what? and why?
Dorsal pancreas.
Spleen.
Mesenchyme.
Superior mesenteric artery.
Superior mesenteric artery.
the superior mesenteric artery is the midgut artery and is therefore not in the mesogastrium.
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The derivatives of the embryonic ventral mesentery include the following structures EXCEPT:
Hepatoduodenal ligament.
Hepatogastric
ligament.
Falciform ligament.
Ligamentum teres hepatis.
Lesser omentum.
ligamento teres hepatis
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Ligament teres hepatis is a remnant of what?
fetal umbilical vein
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The derivatives of the embryonic ventral mesentery include the following structures:
Hepatoduodenal ligament.
Hepatogastric ligament.
Falciform ligament.
ligament teres hepatis
Lesser omentum.
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- hepatogastric ligament
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
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Which of the following organs is NOT normally retroperitoneal?
Suprarenal glands.
Pancreas.
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon.
sigmoid colon
-
what are the 4 gut structures that are secondarily retroperitoneal?
- pancreas
- duodenum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
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The following peritoneal ligaments are derived wholly or in part from the embryonic dorsal mesogastrium EXCEPT:
Hepatogastric ligament.
Splenorenal or lionorenal ligament.
Gastrosplenic or gastrolienal ligament.
Gastrocolic ligament.
Transverse mesocolon.
hepatogastric ligament
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the hepatogastric ligament is derived from what?
ventral mesentery
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