The laryngeal
cartilages develop from branchial arches IV and VI.
True.
False.
True
Muscles of aches IV and VI?
Laryngeal muscles (intrinsic)
Constrictors of pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
Cricothyroideus
Levator veli palatini
Laryngeal muscles
Constrictors of pharynx
Cricothyroideus
Levator veli palatini
Nerve of 4th and 6th arches?
Vagus X
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Trigeminal V
Vagus X
4th- superior laryngeal branch
6th- recurrent laryngeal branch
The parathyroid glands are derivatives of pharyngeal pouches III and IV.
True.
False.
True
Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal pouch:
Thymus
Superior parathyroid gland
Inferior parathyroid gland
Palatine tonsils
Thymus
Inferior parathyroid gland
Derivatives of 4th pharyngeal pouch:
Thymus
Superior parathyroid gland
Inferior parathyroid gland
Palatine tonsils
Ultimobranchial body
Superior parathyroid gland
Ultimobranchial body (in the questions it is considered to be derivative of 5th pouch, but book considers 4th)
The hypobranchial eminence contributes to formation of:
Anterior portion of the tongue.
Posterior portion of the tongue.
Musculature of the tongue.
Epiglottis.
Palatine tonsils.
Posterior portion of the tongue. (posterior third)
(Innervated by nerve of 3rd pharyngeal arch- glossopharyngeal)
Nerve which innervates posterior third of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal IX (nerve of the 3rd pharyngeal arch)
Tongue musculature arises from? Innervated by?
Occipital somites
Innervated by hypoglossal n. XII
Epiglottis arises as an epiglottic swelling on which arch?
4th arch
Palatine tonsil is formed from which pouch?
2nd pouch
The fact that general and special sensory information from the posterior part of the tongue is carried by glossopharyngeal nerve indicates that this part of tongue is from branchial arch:
I
II
III
IV
VI
-> III
(Glossopharyngeal carries general sense and special sense of taste from post. part of the tongue; in anterior tongue, trigeminal does general and facial does special sense)
Which nerve carries general sensory information from anterior part of the tongue?
Trigeminal n. V
Which nerve carries special sensory information from anterior part of the tongue?
Facial n. VII
Myoblasts from the occipital myotomes are believed to give rise to the muscles of the.
Eye.
Face.
Ear.
Jaw, for masticaton.
Tongue.
Tongue
(occipital myotomes supply muscle for tongue and are innervated by cranial nerve XII, hypoglossal)
Most muscles of the head arise from?
Somiteres located cranial to the occipital somites.
As a resident in pediatrics you are called to see a newborn who has a unilateral cleft lip and a unilateral cleft of the primary palate. This condition is most likely the result of:
Failure of fusion of the mandibular prominences.
Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes.
Failure of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence.
Failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum.
Failure of fusion of the paired lateral palatine processes.
Failure of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence.
Which of the following structures are NOT part of the first branchial arch?
Malleus.
Mandibular process.
Sphenomandibular ligament.
Stylohyoid ligament.
Maxillary process.
Incus.
Stapes.
Styloid process.
Lesser horns & upper part of hyoid.
Stylohyoid ligament.
Stapes.
Styloid process.
Lesser horns & upper part of hyoid.
(all second arch)
Which of the following structures are NOT part of the first branchial arch?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the 2nd Branchial arch?
Stapes.
Superior portion of the hyoid bone .
Sphenomandibular ligament.
Stylohyoid ligament.
Lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.
-> Sphenomandibular ligament.
Cartilage of first arch gives rise to:
malleus, incus, spine of sphenoid & lingula of mandible, sphenomandibular ligament.
Cartilage of the 2nd arch gives rise to:
stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn & upper part of hyoid.
Which structures are derived from the intermaxillary segment of the embryonic face?
Philtrum.
Anterior portion of the palate. (primary palate)
Anterior portion of the upper jaws.
Upper incisor teeth.
All
The nasolacrimal groove separates the.
Mandibular and maxillary swellings.
Lateral nasal and maxillary swellings.
Medial nasal and maxillary swellings.
First and second branchial arches.
Otic and optic vesicles.
Lateral nasal and maxillary swellings.
The nasolacrimal groove forms?
Nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal sac
Which of the following
does NOT form from the thyroglossal duct?
Pyramidal lobe of the thyroid.
Ectopic thyroid tissue.
Thyroglossal cyst.
Branchial fistula.
Branchial fistula.(formed by the failure of the 2nd pharyngeal arch to overgrow the 3rd and 4th clefts)
Which of the following
does form from the thyroglossal duct?
Cell death in the region of the oropharyngeal membrane.
Fusion of the palatal shelves.
Mesenchyme of the first arch. (palatal shelves are outgrowths of the maxillary prominences, which are 1st arch derivatives)
Secondary palate fuses with primary palate from the intermaxillary segment, to form the adult palate.
The branchial,
visceral or pharyngeal arches are derived from:
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
All
Many facial malformations are believed to be due to:
A failure of the oropharyngeal membrane to rupture.
A failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the facial processes.
A failure in growth of the head fold.
An abnormal persistence of the pharyngeal clefts.
A failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the facial processes.
The foramen cecum of the adult tongue:
Marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thymus gland.
Divides the tongue into two parts, an anterior one-third and a posterior two-thirds.
Marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thyroid gland.
Develops into taste buds.
Has no embryological significance.
Marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thyroid gland.
Identify the correct associations:
Primary palate - palatine shelves of the maxillary processes.
Neural crest cells – facial processes.
Nasolacrimal groove – lateral nasal process and mandibular process.
Cleft lip – medial and lateral nasal processes.
Neural crest cells – facial processes.
Primary palate arises from?
Intermaxillary segment
Nasolacrimal groove separates which swellings?
Maxillary and lateral nasal swellings
Cleft lip can result from?
Failure of fusion between the maxillary and medial nasal prominences
The pharyngeal arches
are associated with each of the following EXCEPT.
Cartilagineous structures.
Cranial nerves.
Venous arches.
Vascular components.
Muscular components.
Venous arches.
Which of the following malformations is NOT found in the "first pharyngeal arch syndrome"?
Abnormal external ear.
Abnormal middle ear.
Macrostomia.
Thyroglossal duct cyst.
Defect in lower eyelid.
Thyroglossal duct cyst.
The intermaxillary segment of the embryonic face gives rise to the philtrum of the upper lip, part of the maxilla with four incisor teeth and the triangular primary palate.
True.
False.
True
Cleft palate results when the palatine shelves fail to fuse with the nasal septum.
True.
False.
False - results from nonfusion or rupture of the fusion of the palatal shelves
A syndrome involving lack of pharyngeal pouch III would result in lack of the thymus gland and palatine tonsil.
True.
False.
False - lack of thymus yes but not palatine tonsil; palatine tonsil comes from 2nd pharyngeal pouch
A syndrome involving lack of pharyngeal pouch III would result in lack of
Thymus gland
Palatine tonsil
Inferior parathyroid glands
Superior parathyrioid glands
Thymus gland
Inferior parathyroid glands
A syndrome involving lack of pharyngeal pouch IIII would result in lack of
Thymus gland
Palatine tonsil
Inferior parathyroid glands
Superior parathyrioid glands
Superior parathyroid glands
A syndrome involving lack of pharyngeal pouch II would result in lack of
Thymus gland
Palatine tonsil
Inferior parathyroid glands
Superior parathyrioid glands
Palatine tonsil
Each paryngeal arch includes?
Derivatives of ectodermal neural crest cells.
An aortic arch artery.
Mesodermal core from paraxial mesoderm.
A cranial nerve.
All
Mesodermal core - gives rise to cartilaginous and muscular components
Derivatives of neural crest cells - supplement much of the CT of the face
Which of the following are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Malleus bone.
Facial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve.
Lower portion of the hyoid bone.
Anterior belly of digastric.
Facial Nerve
Identify the correct associations:
External ear abnormality – mandibular and maxillary
processes.
Oblique facial cleft – frontal and maxillary processes.
Cleft lip – maxillary and medial nasal processes.
Macrostomia – mandibular and hyoid arches.
Aglossia – mandibular arch.
Cleft lip – maxillary and medial nasal processes.
Too little or too much fusion between maxillary and mandibular swellings results in?