Physical Agents Exam 1

• acute injury or inflammation
• pregnancy
• impaired circulation
• poor thermal regulation
• edema
• cardiac insufficiency
• metal in the area
• over an open wound
• over topical counterirritants
• demyelinated nerves

• recent potential hemorrage
• thrombophlebitis
• impared sensation
• impared mentation
• malignancy
• infrared irradiation of the eyes

• mhp: 158-167
• paraffin: 113-126
• fluidotherapy: 111-125

• malignancy
• pregnancy
• CNS tissue
• jt. cement
• plastic componets
• pacemaker
• thrombophlebitis
• eyes
• reproductive organs

• acute inflammation
• epiphyseal plates
• fx
• breast implants

• pain control
• psychological
• increased rom
• decreased joint stiffness
• accelerated healing

heat transferred by direct and stationary contact. Heat is conducted from material with higher temperature to a material with a lower temp.

heat transfer that occurs as result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature. The thermal agent is in motion so new parts of the agent come in contact with body part; whirlpool, fluidotherapy.

transfer of heat when nonthermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat. Mechanical, electrical, or chemical; diathermy, ultrasound

direct transfer of heat from radiation source of higher temerture ot one with lower temperature without need for medium or contact; infrared lamp

• hemodynamic- vasodilation
• neuromusclular- change in nerve conduction velocity rate
• metabolic-increased metabolic rate and oxygen uptake
• altered tissue extensibilty- increased collagen extensibility

• subacute or chronic inflammation
• subacute or chronic pain
• subacute or chronic muscle spasm
• decreased ROM
• hematoma resoltion
• reduction of joint contractures

small, unmyelinated fibers that transmit slow (1.0-4.0m/sec). They transmit sensations described as dull.

thin, superfical areas that are less than 2cm deep.

.5-1

thicker areas, 2cm+ 

1.5-2.0

Thermal is prior to stretching and to reduce pain and it is done in a contineous cycle. Non-thermal is more to promote healing by sending pulsed sound waves into the deep tissue.

• heat
• cold 
• water
• pressure
• sound
• electromagnetic radiation
• electrical currents

• pregnancy
• malignancy
• pacemaker or other implanted electrical device
• impaired sensation or mentation

that they are used in conjunction or in preparation of ther ex functional training and manual mobilizations.

• modify pain transmission or perception or by changing underlying process causing pain. 
• acute: control pain and inflammation
• chronic: promotion of function and improvement of coping skills

• acute inflammation: 1-6 days
• proliferative: day 3- 20- wound contracture
• maturation: day 9- 12-18mths (depends on tissue)

an abnormal scar where collagen production exceeds lysis and extends beyond boundaries and damages healthy tissue.

• infection
• vascular supply
• external forces
• movement
• age
• disease
• medications
• nutriton

to control pain and inflammation

hunting response; cyclic vasoconstriction and vasodilation

decreases nerve conduction velocity and increases pain threshold.

• inflammation control
• edema control
• pain control
• modulation of spasticity
• symptom management of MS
• facilitation-not commonly used though

• cold packs
• ice packs
• ice massage
• brief icing
• cold whirlpool

• cold hypersensitivity
• cold intelorance
• cryoglobulinmia
• hemoglobinuria
• raynauds
• over regenrating peripheral nerves
• circulatory compromise or PVD

• over superficial main branch of nerve
• over open wound
• hypertension
• poor sensation/mentation
• very young/old

• intense cold for first 3 minutes
• aching/buring sensation for 4-7 minutes
• anesthesia for 8-15 minutes
• numbness form 15-30 minutes

• ares with lack of sensation
• areas of pain
• location of current or previous ulcer
• fragile skin, easy bruising
• medications or conditions putting them at higher risk for skin breakdown.

• vascular
• hemostatic
• celllular
• immune

anatomical and graphical tool that divides the TBSA into segements that are multiples of 9% or 18% Both arms would have to be burned for it to be considered 9%. if only one arm was burned it would be 4.5%.

• 1st degree- superficial
• 2nd degree- partial thickness
• 3rd degree- full thickness

draining; fluid passes throught the wals of vessels into adjacent tisses or spaces to help deposit fibrin and leukocytes.

• serous- normal in healthy wounds
• sanguineous-may indicate new vessel growth or damage to vessel.
• serosangineous-can be normal
• seropurulent- warns of impending infection
• purulent- may smell and indicate infection

• red- protect the wound, maintain moist environment. 
• yellow- debride necrotic  tissue, absorb drainage
• black- debride necrotic tissue

• sharp- with scaple, scissors, and tweezers
• enzymatic-sprinkle packet of enzymes
• autolytic- cover it and the wound will eat its self
• wet-to-dry- apply new wet bandage everyday and allow to dry overnight. 
• irrigation- "flushing"
• hydrotherapy- whirlpool