Ch. 4 Physical Growth and Health Related Behaviors in adolescents

structures of the body that produce hormones

biochemical substances secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands that act as an internal communication system that tells different cells what to do

a small area of the brain that controls motivation, emotion, pleasure, and pain in the body; that is, it controls eating, drinking, hormonal production, menstruation, pregnancy, lactation, and sexual response and behavior

a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls the production and release of FSH and LH from the pituitary

master gland of the body located at the base of the brain

hormones that are secreted by the pituitary and that influence the gonads, or sex glands

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the maturation of the follicles and ova in the ovaries and of the sperm in the testes

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of the ovum and estrogen and progesteron in females and of sperm and testosterone in males

a pituitary hormone that regulates body growth

the sex glands: testes and ovaries

female gonads, or sex glands, that secrete estrogen and progesterone and produce mature egg cells

feminizing hormones produced by the ovaries and, to some extent, by the adrenal glands

a female sex hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary

a yellow body that grows from the ruptured follicle of the ovary and becomes an endocrine gland that secretes progesterone

the male gonads that produce sperm and male sex hormones

a class of masculinizing sex hormones produced by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals

a masculinizing sex hormone produced by the testes and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenals

ductless glands, located just above the kidneys, that secrete androgens and estrogens in both men and women, in addition to the glands' secretion of adrenaline

the process by which sperm are developed

a hormone produced in the testes to regulate FSH secretion and sperm production

cells in the testes that produce the hormone inhibin

the pouch of skin containing the testes

a system of ducts, running from the testes to the vas deferens, in which sperm mature and are stored

the tubes running from the epididymis to the urethra that carry semen and sperm to the ejaculatory duct

twin glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens to enhance sperm viability

gland that secretes a portion of the seminal fluid

the tube carrying the urine from the bladder to the outside; in males, it also carries the semen to the outside

the male organ for coitus and urination

the masculinizing hormone testosterone taken by athletes to build muscle mass

small twin glands that secrete a fluid to neutralize the acid environment of the urethra

male ejaculation during sleep

a recently coined term for a boy's first ejaculation; derived from the term menarche

collective term referring to the external genitalia of the female

the opening cleft region enclosed by the labia minora

the tissue partly covering the vaginal opening

glands on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete fluid during sexual arousal

the canal from the cervix to the vulva that receives the penis during intercourse and acts as the birth canal through which the baby passes to the outside

major or large lips of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening

smaller lips or tissue on either side of the vagina

a small shaft containing erectile tissue, located above the vagina and urethral openings, that is highly responsive to sexual stimulation

mound of flesh (literally "mound of Venus") in the female located above the vagina, over which pubic hair grows

the womb in which the baby grows and develops

tubes that transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

first menstruation

without ovulation

hormones that cause smooth muscle contractions and contribute to dysmenorrhea and menhorrhagia

drugs that destroy prostaglandins and can reduce menstrual distress

a condition in which the bones become brittle due to calcium loss

features not directly related to reproduction that distinguish male from female bodies

a hormone that helps trigger puberty

a phenomenon experienced by some young male adolescents in which their breasts temporarily swell as they enter puberty

the trend to mature sexually at earlier ages

tall, slender body build

short, heavy body build

medium, athletic body build

the probability of dying

overweight; excessively fat

the rate at which the body utilizes food and oxygen

the hormone that the brain produces to induce sleep

pimples on the skin caused by overactive sebaceous glands

sweat glands distributed over the entire body

sweat glands located primarily in the armpits and groin whose secretions cause body odor

oil-producing skin glands whose secretions can cause acne if the glands' pores become blocked

tender; raised red bumps that are precursors to pimples

the medical term for pimples

large, deep pimples that can cause scarring