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Elizabethan England
- Early Modern Period
- -Renaissance refers only to Italy
- -Begins at 1485 with the end of the Plantegenet reign and began of Tudor (Henry VII)
- -People are studying history, science, language and literature because of print, liberating
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Struggles between Catholics and Protestants during Elizabethan times
- Supremacy of kings over church
- -Elizabeth was Protesant
- -Catholics were oppressed
- -Elizabeth tried to compromise and allowed to Catholics to live mostly normal lives
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Greatest military rival to england during Elizabethan times
- Spain, defeated at the Armada 1588
- -Made england a supreme naval power in the world
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After defeat of Spain in 1588
- Relations with France normalized
- General peace was the norm as was prosperity
- Colonies established throughout the world
- Boys required to go to Grammer school, by 1600 1/3 of males were literate
- No famines, healthy harvests, food imported from everywhere
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King James 1
- 1603-1625
- King of Scotland 1567
- Crowned king of England and Ireland on Elizabeth's death
- Creation of UK
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William Shakespeare
- Birth accepted as 23 April 1564
- Mother, Leather merchant, father, landed heiress
- Married Anne Hathaway, 28 November 1582, she was 26 and pregnant
- -Had 3 kids
- Died 23 April 1616
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Shakespeares lost years
- 1585-1594
- -Spectulation that between 1580-1588 he worked in london as a horse attendant
- 1592- evidence that he was an actor and started writing plays when Play writght Robert Greene wrote of him
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Shakespeare 1592-1612
- Became partner of Lord Chamberlain's men in 1592
- 1593 - theatures closed due to plague
- 1597- 15 of 37 plays published
- 1599- bought stratford real estate
- 1593-1601 154 sonnets written
- Retired 1616
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Shakespeare's professional career
- Member of The Company 1592
- -When George Carey took over in 1596 is became the Lord Chamberlain's Men
- -Rivals The Admiral's Men
- 1603 another plague 33,000 die
- The company preformed in london no touring 1592-1611
- -Began in The theatre, until puritan shut it down, played at borrowed play houses until 1599 -The Globe
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First Folio
- 1623
- 36 plays
- Prepared by Hemmings and Condell
- Dedicated to 3rd Earl of Pembroke and brother
- Designed to replace unauthorized version
- Contained actors cues
- Varried based on typesetter and proofreader
- Cost 1 pount ($250)
- 750 printed only 228 exist
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Second Folio
- 1632-1641 editions
- Updated language
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Third Folio
- 1663
- Included plays not by shakespeare
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16th century thoughts of shakespeare
- Englands greatest poet -Meres
- "Not of an age, but for all time"-Jonson
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17th century thoughts of shakespeare
Overrated, improbable plots, written for ignorant audience, but was imaginative -Dryden
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18th century thoughts of shakespeare
- Considered like Home, an ancient writer, loved the emotional/intellectual content of the plays - Johnson
- Pope edited and revised all the plays, basically writing them in his own fashion
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19th century thoughts of shakespeare
creative genius - ColeridgeRomantic poets venerated and made him famous again
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20th century thoughts of shakespeare
invented the idea of being human - Bloom
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Who wrote shakespeare's plays?
- Christopher Marlow - based on his fame and ability
- Baconian Theory - Fancis Bacon, hid because he was a public figure
- Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford
- -Playwrite, father owned Oxford's men, no evidendence exists
- Most now think it was shakespeare because of Ben Jonson's epitaph
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Theatre in shakespeare's time
- actors were criminals
- all roles played by men
- Theatures outside city walls and actually outside
- Audiences were not quiet
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Costume colors
Blue, indigo, gold, brown, orange, red, pink, crimson, black, purple, white, yelloq, green, gray
- Blue - servant
- Indigo - richness and power
- Gold - wealth
- Brown - poverty, humility
- Orange - courage
- Red - control, importance
- Pink - happiness
- crimson - church
- black - authority, death
- Purple - royalty
- White - wealth, virtuous
- Yellow - hope
- Green - epiphany, new start, faith
- Gray - mourning, regret
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Strucutres of theatres
- Wooden arenas, similar to roman design
- State higher than the pit where groundlings stood
- Royalty had boxes to shit in
- No scenery, trap doors, visuals
- No stage crews
- Sears curved around the front of stage
- No rehersals or lines given before performance - cue acting
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The Globe theatre
- 1599 -southwark, Richard Burbage had it built 100 foot diameter
- reused timber from the theatre
- 20 sided polygon
- seated 3000
- Red flag - history, White flag - comedy Black flag - tragedy
- closed 1642 and because housing for poor
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