Human Anatomy Chapter 4 Tissue Level of Organizations

The four principal types of tissues are

A) muscle, nervous, skeletal, connective
B) connective, skeletal, epithelial, nervous
C) epithelial, skeletal, connective, reticular
D) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Which type of tissue facilitates movement of the skeleton or organ walls?

A) nervous
B) muscular
C) connective
D) epithelial

Functions of epithelial tissue include

A) protecting exposed surfaces
B) storing energy in the form of fat
C) conducting electrical impulses
D) providing structural support

Which of the following is not a characteristic of tight junctions?

A) encircle epithelial cells near their apical surface
B) allow free flow of cytoplasm between neighboring cells
C) prevent substances from passing in between adjacent cells
D) attach each cell to its neighbors by fusing plasma membranes

Unlike other intercellular junctions, ____________ only attach a cell to its neighbors at potential stress points.

A) adhering junctions
B) gap junctions
C) tight junctions
D) desmosomes

At ____________, transmembrane proteins create tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass between adjoining cells.

A) gap junctions
B) desmosomes
C) adhering junctions
D) tight junctions

Epithelia are classified on the basis of

A) number of cell layers and cell size
B) number of cell layers and shape of cells at the apical surface
C) cell size and shape of cells at the apical surface
D) shape of cells at the apical surface and secretions of cells

Which type of epithelium is adapted to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and friction?

A) transitional
B) simple squamous
C) stratified squamous
D) simple cuboidal

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium often contains ____________, which increase the surface area for secretion and absorption.
A) flagella
B) collagen fibers
C) microvilli
D) all of the above

The three shapes of cells used to classify most epithelia are described as

A) thick, slender, and flattened
B) flat, irregular, and oblong
C) squamous, columnar, and cuboidal
D) hexagonal, polyhedral, and transitional

Multicellular exocrine glands may be classified by their

A) form and structure
B) type of secretion
C) method of secretion
D) all of the above

In apocrine glands, the secretory product is released

A) by pinching off the apical portion of the cytoplasm
B) from a unicellular gland called a goblet cell
C) through exocytosis with no cellular damage
D) upon destruction of the entire gland cell

Examples of apocrine glands include which of the following?

A) mammary and some sweat glands
B) thyroid and adrenal glands
C) salivary and sebaceous glands
D) all of the above

What are the three basic components of connective tissue?

A) ground substance, cells, and basement membrane
B) cartilage, intercellular matrix, and serum
C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers
D) cells, protein fibers, and ground substance

Embryonic connective tissues include

A) mesenchyme
B) Wharton’s jelly
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Mesenchyme

A) gives rise to all other connective tissues
B) is the first connective tissue to emerge in the embryo
C) persists as stem cells in some adult connective tissues
D) all of the above

Which two classes of cells are found in connective tissue proper?

A) mast cells and fibroblasts
B) adipocytes and leukocytes
C) macrophages and mesenchyme cells
D) resident cells and wandering cells

The major functions of loose connective tissue include

A) occupying spaces between organs and supporting epithelia
B) supporting and surrounding blood vessels and nerves
C) cushioning organs, storing lipids, and facilitating diffusion
D) all of the above

Which tissue makes up the majority of tendons and ligaments?

A) elastic connective tissue
B) dense irregular connective tissue
C) dense regular connective tissue
D) elastic cartilage

Dense irregular connective tissue that forms a supporting layer around cartilage is called

A) perichondrium
B) the dermis
C) periosteum
D) a capsule

Which of the following pairings is incorrect?

A) supporting connective tissue, blood
B) elastic cartilage, epiglottis and external ear
C) fibrocartilage, intervertebral discs and menisci
D) hyaline cartilage, articular ends of long bones

The minute passageways in the bony matrix that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other are called

A) lacunae
B) lamellae
C) osteons
D) canaliculi

All of the following are types of serous membranes except

A) perichondrium
B) pleurae
C) pericardium
D) peritoneum

Which of the following is a major function of serous membranes?

A) minimizing friction between opposing surfaces
B) excreting waste fluids across the parietal layer
C) providing a tough protective covering around organs
D) absorbing nutrients into the visceral layer

Skeletal muscle is

A) nonstriated and voluntary
B) striated and involuntary
C) nonstriated and involuntary
D) striated and voluntary

Cells in which tissue type are specialized to transmit electrical impulses from one body region to another?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) nervous

The two types of cells in nervous tissue are

A) nerve processes and nerve fibers
B) dendrites and axons
C) satellite cells and neurons
D) neurons and glial cells

Nervous tissue cells that play several supporting roles but do not transmit impulses are called

A) nerve cells
B) dendrites
C) neurons
D) glial cells

As individuals age, epithelia become

A) heavier
B) thicker
C) thinner
D) none of the above

Aging affects connective tissues in which of the following ways?

A) loss of pliability and resiliency
B) decreased efficiency in tissue repair and wound healing
C) joint pains and brittle bones
D) all of the above