Human Anatomy Chapter 6 Cartilage and Bone

Functions of cartilage include which of the following?

A) supporting soft tissues
B) providing a gliding surface at articulations
C) providing a model for the formation of most bones
D) all of the above

Which selection correctly pairs the type of cartilage with one of its locations in the body?

A) hyaline cartilage, trachea
B) elastic cartilage, menisci
C) fibrocartilage, epiphyseal plates
D) hyaline cartilage, epiglottis

Fibrocartilage is found in which of these structures?

A) auricle of the ear and external auditory canal
B) larynx and articular surfaces of bones
C) intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
D) all of the above

Functions of bone include all of the following except

A) support and protection
B) transport of materials
C) production of blood cells
D) storage of mineral and energy reserves

Hemopoiesis is the process of

A) cartilage formation
B) entrapment of blood vessels by developing bone
C) blood cell production
D) bone formation

____________ ossification produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle.

A) endochondral
B) intramembranous
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal ____________ model transforms into bone.

A) mesenchyme
B) fibrocartilage
C) hyaline cartilage
D) elastic cartilage

Which bone cells secrete osteoid (the initial semisolid form of bone matrix)?

A) osteoprogenitor cells
B) osteoblasts
C) osteocytes
D) osteoclasts

Which of the following are components of compact bone, but not of an osteon?

A) perforating canals and circumferential lamellae
B) central canal and concentric lamellae
C) osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi
D) all of the above are parts of an osteon

At each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region called the

A) head
B) diaphysis
C) epiphysis
D) metaphysis

Long bones such as the humerus have solid external walls of ____________ bone, with ____________ bone found primarily within the epiphyses.

A) spongy, compact
B) diploë, circumferential
C) compact, spongy
D) none of the above

Which of the following does not accurately describe spongy bone?

A) forms an open meshwork of narrow plates called trabeculae
B) provides great resistance to stresses applied in many directions
C) contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone
D) composed of parallel lamellae with osteocytes in between

Yellow bone marrow contains a large proportion of

A) fibroblasts
B) reticulocytes
C) fatty tissue
D) elastic fibers

The endosteum

A) covers all internal surfaces of a bone, such as the medullary cavity
B) is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling
C) is an incomplete cellular membrane
D) all of the above

All of the following occur during appositional bone growth except

A) osteoclasts expand the medullary cavity by resorbing bone matrix
B) growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates
C) osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down layers of bone matrix
D) the bone widens as the number of circumferential lamellae increases

As with cartilage growth, a long bone’s growth in length is called

A) interstitial growth
B) appositional growth
C) osteoid deposition
D) none of the above

Interstitial growth of a bone occurs in the

A) center of the shaft
B) articular cartilage
C) diaphyseal line
D) epiphyseal plate

A typical bone has which of the following major sets of blood vessels?

A) primary, secondary, and tertiary
B) Haversian, Volkmann’s, and connecting
C) nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal
D) epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal

Which of the following is a thyroid gland hormone that encourages calcium deposition from blood into bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?

A) somatomedin
B) calcitonin
C) thyroid hormone
D) growth hormone

Stimulated by sex hormones, bone growth accelerates dramatically at the time of

A) puberty
B) secondary ossification
C) primary ossification
D) birth

Dietary factors necessary for normal bone growth include

A) vitamins A, C, and D
B) vitamins B, E, and calcitonin
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

____________ produce new bone, while ____________ resorb bone.

A) osteoclasts, osteocytes
B) osteoclasts, osteoblasts
C) osteoblasts, osteoclasts
D) osteocytes, osteoblasts

Bone remodeling normally involves which of the following?

A) changes in bone architecture and the skeleton’s total mineral deposits
B) activity at both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone
C) continual deposition and removal of bone tissue
D) all of the above

Aging affects bone tissue in which of the following ways?

A) tensile strength decreases and bones become brittle
B) bones demineralize and become thinner and weaker
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

What is broken in a Colles fracture?

A) neck of the femur
B) surgical neck of the humerus
C) distal end of the radius
D) proximal end of the ulna

Tiny, seed-shaped bones along the tendons of some muscles are classified as

A) flat bones
B) sesamoid bones
C) short bones
D) both b and c

A typical example of a long bone is the

A) tibia
B) patella
C) ethmoid
D) sternum

Vertebrae are classified as
A) long bones
B) short bones
C) flat bones
D) irregular bones

In flat bones of the skull, a region of ____________ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

A) spongy bone
B) periosteum
C) yellow bone marrow
D) both b and c

Sensory nerves innervate which parts of a bone?
A) the bone matrix and marrow cavity
B) the periosteum and endosteum
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b