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1.2 The digestive system

  1. The roe of the pancreas in digestion (3)
    Secretes;

    -bicarbonate

    -electrolytes

    -13 different digestive enzymes
  2. Role of the liver in digestion (2)
    -Produces bile

    -secretes bile for emulsification of fats
  3. Role of gall bladder in digestion (2)
    -stores bile for high fat meals

    -secretes bile when needed
  4. Entero-Hepatic Circulation: Recycling of bile (5)
    -bile is made in the liver and transported to the gall bladder where it is stored

    • -when gallbladder contracts, bile released into the cystic duct
    • *cystic duct joins the common bile duct

    -bile aids in lipid digestion by enabling the large lipid globules to disperse in the watery environment of the small intestine

    -after aiding in lipid digestion, bile constituents are reabsorbed from the ileum and returned to the liver via hepatic portal vein

    -liver uses these constituents to resynthesize bile, which will be stored in the gallbladder
  5. Differences between processing in Small intestines vs large intestine) small intestines (3)
    - most digestion occurs here

    -most absorption occurs here

    • -has accessory organs that all have unique functions
    • *pancreas
    • *liver
    • *gallbladder
  6. Differences between processing in Small intestines vs large intestine) large intestine (3)
    -materials are dehydrated

    -contracts to mix materials

    -proximal part absorbs Na, Cl, H2O
  7. Hormonal nature of digestion) Sympathetic response (2)
    -stress hormones inhibit gastrin

    -inhibits gastric secretions, peristalsis, digestion

    **explanation for why stressed out people are usually constipated
  8. Hormonal nature of digestion) Parasympathetic Nervous system state (2)
    -tends to increase gastric secretions

    -promotes good digestion
  9. Function of cholecystokinin  (2)
    -stimulates gall bladder contraction

    -stimulates pancreatic secretions
  10. Function of secreting (3)
    -stimulates pancreas juice

    -stimulates enzyme secretion

    -inhibits gastrointestinal motility
  11. Function of somatostatin (2)
    -inhibits gastric secretions & motility

    Inhibits pancreatic & gallbladder secretions


    Antagonistic of cholecystokinin and secretin
  12. Benefits associated with healthy intestinal flora or probiotic intake (5)
    -enhance immunity

    -prevents colonization by pathogens

    -lower pH of the colon

    -transform/promote excretion of toxic substances

    -enhance fecal bulk
  13. Order by which foods go through digestive structures (5)
    -oral cavity

    -esophagus

    -stomach

    • -small intestines
    • *D
    • *J
    • *I

    -large intestine
  14. Structures of the small intestine ) Lumen
    -opening of the intestines which chyme passes through

    *look at picks
  15. Structures of the small intestine ) folds of kerkring
    Large circular folds of mucosa that protrude into the lumen

    *look at picks
  16. Structures of the small intestine ) villi
    Finger-like projections

    *look at pics
  17. Structures of the small intestine ) microvilli (2)
    -Hair-like extensions of the enterocytes plasma membrane

    -comprise the brush border

    *look at pics
  18. Probiotics
    Foods containing live beneficial bacterial cultures
  19. prebiotics
    Food ingredients that promote beneficial bacterial growth
Author
efrain12
ID
294558
Card Set
1.2 The digestive system
Description
The digestive system study guide answers
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