Global 10 Midterm Review

Belief in many gods

• Based primarily on farming
• formed in early civilizations
• skilled craftworkers made pottery cloth and other goods

Egypt

• Amon-re-chief God of Egypt
• Osiris-God of the Nile; controlled annual flood

• Crescent shaped region of good farmland created by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
• Stretches from Persian to the Mediterranean Sea
• Lack of natural barriers
• "The cradle of civilization"

First civilization of Mesopotamia

Established strict code of Hammurabi "eye for an eye"

• Harappa and mohenjo-Daro
• Grid like pattern

China, felt like their culture was the center of earth

• Their law system
• -equality,accused on trial , innocent unless proven guilty

• Plebeians demanded written laws
• Inscribed on tablets and put in marketplace
• Later won rights to elect officials and serve in gov jobs

The Greeks

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from hills to cities

A Greco roman civilization

The alphabet

• Opened by Han dynasty
• Linked China with other lands,like Mesopotamia.

In Hinduism, it is one unifying spirit

• Brahma-the creator
• Vishnu- the preserver
• Shiva-the distroyer

• Karma-all deeds of a persons life that affects his/hers existence in the next life
• Good deeds involve following dharma, moral and religious duties

• Brahmins(priests)
• Kshatriyas(warriors)
• Vaisyas(farmers artisans.)
• Sudras (workers servants)
• Untouchables

• Founder of Buddhism while meditating under a sacred tree
• Referred to as the Buddha, or enlightened one

• 1. All life is suffering
• 2. Suffering caused but I desire for things that are illusions
• 3. The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate a desire
• 4. Following the eight fold path will help people overcome desire

• Shares the right way of life
• The ultimate goal is nirvana, union with the universe and released from the cycle of death and rebirth

• Rejects many Hindu gods as well as the idea of rituals and priesthood
• Rejects caste system

Teachings of Confucius that taught people to accept their given place in society

• People are naturally good
• Education is the road to advancement
• For social order, the individual must accept his/her proper place in society

When Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for yathrib(medina)

• 1. Belief in one God
• 2. Pray 5 times daily
• 3. Give money for the poor(almsgiving)
• 4. Fast during Ramadan
• 5. Visit Mecca at least once(hajj)

• Pope urban believed it would increase his power
• Christians thought their sins would be forgiven
• Nobles wanted land and wealth
• Adventurers saw it as exciting
• Serfs wanted to escape feudal opposition

Saladin, the Muslim leader

• Became king of England
• Determined to retake Jerusalem from Saladin

• Failed to retake the holy land
• Left behind religious hatred between Christians and Muslims, sometimes towards Jews
• BUT it did result in cultural diffusion

• Savanna- grassy plains
• Desert- dry land
• (Also some rainforest)

• Spirits, gods, and goddesses
• Some believed in a supreme being

• Gold and salt
• What were the tree trading kingdoms of west Africa
• Ghana
• Mali
• Songhai

Axum

• Mansa musa
• Extended borders and dominated west Africa
• Efficient gov
• Made Timbuktu a center of learning

• The Red Sea
• Helped to make a thriving trade network

A conquistador was granted land along with the permission to demand labor or tribute from native Americans in the area

Spanish born people are the top of the class structure

Those of European descent that were born In the colonies

Mixed Native American and European descent

Mixed African and European descent

By the early 1700s, writers sought out to discover these laws that govern human behavior

• Believed all people possess natural rights
• Life liberty and property

Powers of gov should be separated into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative

• Free speech
• Criticized French gov and catholic church

• The social contract
• The general will

People are greedy and selfish

• Emergence of a strong leader
• Injustices of the old regime
• Rule by moderate reformers
• Rule by radical revolutionaries
• Return of moderates
• The conquests of Napoleon increased
• Nationalistic feeling across Europe and around the world

Haiti

• Self educated former slave led revolt
• Led people to liberty in Haiti, Latin America
• In 1804 Haiti got independence from France and Napoleon

• Educated creole that led resistance movements against the Spanish
• Used enlightenment ideas and the French Revolution
• Called "the liberator"
• Greatest Latin American nationalist leaders
• Joined with Jose de San martin

Set of beliefs held by those who wanted to preserve traditional ways

• Prince Clemens Von Metternich
• Conservative
• Wanted to make Europe as it was before

People opposed to the power of monarchs and wanted democratic reforms

People wanted independent nation-states that were free from foreign rule

• Leader of Italy
• Young Italy national movement
• Exiled
• Writings and speeches were inspiring for nationalists

• Italian leader
• Sardinia minister
• Alliances with France and Prussia
• Drove Austria from Italy

Soldier who led the forces that won control off southern Italy and the United it with the north

Zollverein

• Ended trade barriers and was a step towards unity
• 1862, was chancellor if Prussia
• Guided German unification
• Loyal to Prussian king
• "Blood and iron" was his policy, only way to unite Germany was through war. Helped unify
• Danish war, Austro
• Prussian war, Franco-Prussian war

• Created the Jewish ZIONISM
• Built Jewish state in Palestine

The agrarian revolution

• Successful nations were more successful because they were naturally more "fit" to succeed than others.
• War allowed stronger nations to weed out weaker ones

Concentrated less on interests of individuals and more on society

Set up a utopian factory community

• Herman philosopher
• More radical "scientific socialism"
• Him and engel made communist manifesto

• Commanded American warships as they sailed to Japan
• Presented a letter asking Japan to open up trade ports

• The shogun agreed to open two Japanese ports to American ships
• Many impacts on Japan
• People felt it was a sign of weakness
• Rebellion overthrew shogun and restored emperor

• "Enlightened rule"
• After the emperor was in power in Japan
• Borrowed from the west
• Economic development
• Strong central gov
• Military power

• Powerful banking and industry families that bought factories from the government in Japan
• (JUST LIKE THE SATO FAMILY IN LOK AHH)

• Poem bu Ruyard Kipling
• Justification for imperialism
• White imperialists had a moral duty to educate people in nations they considered less developed

When Japan beat Russian troops in Manchuria

• Called for Hindus and Muslims to unite against Britain
• British crushed revolt
• Caused bitter feelings and ending east India company

• British established trading rights in India
• Company controlled most of India
• Sepoys, indian soldiers were employed

• British vs China
• China wanted to halt imports of the addictive drug
• Britain won
• Treaty of nanjing

• China had to agree to harsh consequences and had to pay war costs
• Carved spheres of influence (areas in which outside power claimed trade privileges)

• Westerners (boxers) assaulted foreign communities across China
• Forced China to grant more concessions to foreign powers

• Replaced Quing dynasty
• Wanted end foreign domination, rep gov, and Eco security

• Mostly nationalism
• Also rivalries
• Alliances
• And decline of Otto empire
• Militarism
• Glorification of military power

• The triple alliance (Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy)
• The triple entente(Britain France and Russia)

When the Christian Armenians protested oppressive ottoman policies, the Turks unleashed a massacre

• Industrialize and build Russia's economic strength
• Wanted to block French rev ideals
• Used harsh tactics(secret police) to suppress reform

• Peasant unrest and poverty
• Problems of urban workers
• Diversity and nationalism
• Revolution of 1905
• Peaceful marchers carrying signs were shot down by the czars troops (Bloody Sunday)
• Destroyed people's faith and trust
• Caused freedom of speech and the Duma(elected legislature)

• Councils of workers and soldiers in Russian cities
• Later taken over by radical socialist party

• Headed revolutionary socialist party, the Bolsheviks
• Suggested Bolsheviks would guide Revolution in Russia
• Promised "peace land and bread"
• Bolsheviks now called communists