-
The most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection is the
A
urinary tract.
B
blood.
C
respiratory tract.
D
digestive tract.
A
-
A satisfactory radiograph was made without a grid using a 72-in. SID and 8 mAs. If the distance is changed to 40 in. and an 12:1 ratio grid is added, what should be the new milliampere-seconds value?
A
9.5 mAs
B
12 mAs
C
21 mAs
D
26 mAs
B
-
Which of the following correctly identifies the radial styloid process in the illustration in Figure A?
Figure A. Reproduced with permission from Saia DA. Radiography: Program Review and Examination Preparation, 2nd ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
A
Number 1
B
Number 4
C
Number 10
D
Number 11
D
-
Which of the following ionizing radiations is described as having an RBE of 1.0?
A
10 MeV protons
B
5 MeV alpha particles
C
Diagnostic x-rays
D
Fast neutrons
C
-
Which of the following combinations would pose the most hazard to a particular anode?
A
0.6 mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
B
0.6 mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
C
1.2 mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
D
1.2 mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
A
-
Filtration is added to the x-ray beam to
A
decrease photoelectric interaction.
B
remove the "hard" x-rays.
C
produce a more heterogeneous x-ray beam.
D
produce an x-ray beam with higher average energy.
D
-
The thoracic apophyseal joints are demonstrated with the
A
coronal plane 90 degrees to the IR
B
midsagittal plane 90 degrees to the IR
C
coronal plane 20 degrees to the IR
D
midsagittal plane 20 degrees to the IR.
D
-
Symptoms of inadequate oxygen supply include
- dyspnea.
- cyanosis.
- retraction of intercostal spaces.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
A time of 1.5 minutes is required for a particular fluoroscopic examination, whose exposure rate is 275 mR/h. What is the approximate radiation exposure for the radiologic staff present in the fluoroscopy room during the examination?
A
183 mR
B
68.7 mR
C
18.33 mR
D
6.87 mR
D
-
The dose of radiation that will cause a noticeable skin reaction is referred to as the
A
LET
B
SSD
C
SED
D
SID
C
-
Which of the following statements is true with regard to the two CT images seen in Figure 6–3?
- Image A illustrates more superior structures.
- The images are sagittal reconstructions.
- The exam was performed without artificial contrast.
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.
A
1 only
B
1 and 3 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
A
-
If 82 kVp, 300 mA, and 0.05 second were used for a particular exposure using 3-phase, 12-pulse equipment, what mAs would be required, using single-phase equipment, to produce a similar radiograph?
A
7.5
B
20
C
30
D
50
C
-
Which of the following positions is required to demonstrate small amounts of air in the pleural cavity?
A
AP supine
B
AP Trendelenburg
C
Lateral decubitus, affected side down
D
Lateral decubitus, affected side up
D
-
A star pattern is used to measure
1. |
focal spot resolution. |
2. |
intensifying-screen resolution. |
3. |
SID resolution. |
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
A
-
The term windowing describes the practice of
A
varying the automatic brightness control
B
changing the image contrast and/or density
C
varying the FOV
D
increasing resolution
B
-
The automatic exposure device that is located immediately under the x-ray table is the
A
ionization chamber
B
scintillation camera
C
photomultiplier
D
photocathode
A
-
The classifications of acute radiation syndrome include all the followingexcept
A
central nervous system
B
gastrointestinal
C
neonatal
D
hematologic
C
-
The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the
A
roentgen (C/kg)
B
rad (Gy)
C
rem (Sv)
D
relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
C
-
All drug packages must provide certain information required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of the information that must be provided includes
1. |
the generic name. |
2. |
contraindications. |
3. |
the usual dose. |
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
A patient with an upper respiratory tract infection is transported to the radiology department for a chest examination. Who should be masked?
- Technologist
- Transporter
- Patient
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
C
-
The target theory applies to
A
spermatagonia
B
oocytes
C
lymphocytes
D
DNA molecules
D
-
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to assisting a patient from a wheelchair to an x-ray table?
A
The wheelchair should be parallel with the x-ray table.
B
The patient's weaker side should be closer to the x-ray table.
C
The wheelchair should directly face the x-ray table.
D
The patient's stronger side should be closer to the x-ray table.
D
-
A radiologic technologist can be found guilty of a tort in which of the following situations?
- Failure to shield a patient of childbearing age from unnecessary radiation
- Performing an examination on a patient who has refused the examination
- Discussing a patient's condition with a third party
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
Exposure factors of 80 kVp and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new milliampere-seconds value if an 8:1 grid is added?
A
16 mAs
B
24 mAs
C
32 mAs
D
40 mAs
C
-
Which of the waveforms illustrated in the figure below represents single-phase, full-wave rectified equipment?
Reproduced with permission from Saia DA. Radiography: Program Review and Examination Preparation, 2nd ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
A
Figure 1
B
Figure 2
C
Figure 3
D
Figure 4
B
-
Possible side effects of an iodinated contrast medium that is administered intravenously include all the following except
- a warm, flushed feeling.
- altered taste.
- rash and hives.
A
1 only
B
3 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
B
-
The reduction in the intensity of an x-ray beam as it passes through material is termed
A
absorption
B
scattering
C
attenuation
D
divergence
C
-
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding Figure 7–10?
- Excessive kilovoltage was used.
- High contrast is demonstrated.
- Insufficient penetration is evident.
Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
C
-
Which of the following defines the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?
A
Genetically significant dose
B
Somatically significant dose
C
Maximum permissible dose
D
Lethal dose
A
-
Examples of COPD include
- bronchitis.
- pulmonary emphysema.
- asthma.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
How will x-ray photon intensity be affected if the source-to-image distance (SID) is doubled?
A
Its intensity increases two times.
B
Its intensity increases four times.
C
Its intensity decreases two times.
D
Its intensity decreases four times.
D
-
The purpose of filters in a film badge is
A
to eliminate harmful rays.
B
to measure radiation quality.
C
to prevent exposure by alpha particles.
D
as a support for the film contained within.
B
-
Which of the following is (are) correct regarding care of protective leaded apparel?
- Lead aprons should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks.
- Lead gloves should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks.
- Lead aprons should be hung on appropriate racks when not in use.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
Histogram data that is skewed relative to the values of interest (VOI) of the histogram analysis used for a particular exam may be caused by all of the following, except:
A
Anatomical structures not centered to the IP
B
Excessive windowing
C
The X-ray beam is not correctly aligned to the edges of the IP
D
The beam edge is irregular because of overlap of a radiopaque shadow, such as a gonadal shield
B
-
Irradiation of water molecules within the body and their resulting breakdown is termed
A
epilation
B
radiolysis
C
proliferation
D
repopulation
B
-
All the following function to reduce patient dose except
A
beam restriction
B
high kVp, low mAs factors
C
a high-ratio grid
D
a high-speed imaging system
C
-
Which of the following positions may be used to effectively demonstrate the right posterior axillary ribs?
A
LAO
B
RAO
C
RPO
D
LPO
C
-
To demonstrate the mandibular body in the PA position, the
A
CR is directed perpendicular to the IR.
B
CR is directed cephalad to the IR.
C
skull is obliqued away from the affected side.
D
skull is obliqued toward the affected side.
A
-
Which of the following is a radiologic procedure that functions to dilate a stenotic vessel?
A
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
B
Percutaneous angioplasty
C
Renal arteriography
D
Surgical nephrostomy
B
-
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus may be transmitted
- by sharing contaminated needles.
- from mother to child during birth.
- by intimate contact with body fluids.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter results in total absorption of the incident photon?
A
Photoelectric effect
B
Compton scattering
C
Coherent scattering
D
Pair production
A
-
The medical abbreviation meaning "three times a day" is
A
tid.
B
qid.
C
qh.
D
pc.
A
-
Circuit devices that permit electrons to flow in only one direction are
A
solid-state diodes
B
resistors
C
transformers
D
autotransformers
A
-
The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed its
A
hub
B
gauge
C
length
D
bevel
A
-
At least how many HVLs are required to reduce the intensity of a beam of monoenergetic photons to less than 10% of its original value?
A
2
B
3
C
4
D
5
C
-
An x-ray image of the ankle was made at 40-SID, 200 mA, 50 ms, 70 kV, 0.6 mm focal spot, and minimal OID. Which of the following modifications would result in the greatest increase in magnification?
A
1.2 mm focal spot
B
36-in. SID
C
44-in. SID
D
4-in. OID
D
-
If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body in a short period of time, its effect
A
will be greater than if it were delivered over a long period of time.
B
will be less than if it were delivered over a long period of time.
C
has no relation to how it is delivered in time.
D
is solely dependent on the radiation quality.
A
-
A radiographer who discloses confidential patient information to unauthorized individuals can be found guilty of
A
libel.
B
invasion of privacy.
C
slander.
D
defamation.
B
-
Medical and dental radiation accounts for what percentage of the general public's exposure to human-made radiation?
A
10%
B
50%
C
80%
D
95%
C
-
Blood pressure may be expressed as 120/95. What does 95 represent?
1. |
The phase of relaxation of the cardiac muscle tissue |
2. |
The phase of contraction of the cardiac muscle tissue |
3. |
A higher-than-average diastolic pressure |
A
1 only
B
2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
2 and 3 only
C
-
You have encountered a person who is apparently unconscious. Although you open his airway, there is no rise and fall of the chest, and you can hear no breath sounds. You should
A
begin mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing, giving two full breaths.
B
proceed with the Heimlich maneuver.
C
begin external chest compressions at a rate of 70-80 compressions/min.
D
begin external chest compressions at a rate of at least 100 compressions/min.
D
-
Under what circumstances might a radiographer be required to wear two dosimeters?
- During pregnancy
- While performing vascular procedures
- While performing mobile radiography
A
1 and 2 only
B
2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
A
-
The collimator light and actual irradiated area must be accurate to within what percentage of the SID?
A
2%
B
5%
C
10%
D
15%
A
-
In order for a phosphor to be suitable for use in intensifying screens, it should have which of the following characteristics?
- High conversion efficiency
- High x-ray absorption
- High atomic number
A
1 only
B
3 only
C
1 and 2 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
The interaction between x-ray photons and matter shown in Figure 3–1 is associated with
- total energy transfer from photon to electron
- an outer-shell electron
- Compton scatter
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
2 and 3 only
A
-
Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of a 16:1 grid?
- It absorbs more useful radiation than an 8:1 grid.
- It has more centering latitude than an 8:1 grid.
- It is used with higher-kilovoltage exposures than an 8:1 grid.
A
1 only
B
1 and 3 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
B
-
Characteristics of a patient with pulmonary emphysema include
- shoulder girdle elevation
- increased AP diameter of the chest
- hyperventilation
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
B
-
What structure can be located midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis?
A
Dome of the acetabulum
B
Femoral neck
C
Greater trochanter
D
Iliac crest
A
-
Which of the following is (are) accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee?
- Femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally.
- Patella superimposed on distal tibia.
- CR enters ½ in. distal to base of patella.
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
A
-
The infection streptococcal pharyngitis (“strep throat”) is caused by a
A
virus.
B
fungus.
C
protozoon.
D
bacterium.
D
-
What is used to account for the differences in ionizing characteristics of various radiations, when determining their effect on biologic material?
1. |
Radiation weighting factors ( W r ) |
2. |
Tissue weighting factors ( W t ) |
3. |
Absorbed dose |
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
A
-
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the PA axial projection of the cranium?
1. |
The central ray is directed caudally to the OML. |
2. |
The petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits. |
3. |
The frontal sinuses are visualized. |
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
In a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest being used for cardiac evaluation, the heart measures 14.7 cm between its widest points. If the magnification factor is known to be 1.2, what is the actual diameter of the heart?
A
10.4 cm
B
12.25 cm
C
13.5 cm
D
17.64 cm
B
-
Which of the following medication routes refers to the term parenteral?
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Oral
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
B
-
Lateral deviation of the nasal septum may be best demonstrated in the
A
lateral projection
B
PA axial (Caldwell method) projection
C
parietoacanthal (Waters method) projection
D
AP axial (Towne method) projection
C
-
How are LET and biologic response related?
A
They are inversely related.
B
They are directly related.
C
They are related in a reciprocal fashion.
D
They are unrelated.
B
-
What is the annual dose-equivalent limit for the skin and hands of an occupationally exposed individual?
A
5 rem
B
25 rem
C
50 rem
D
100 rem
C
-
Focal-spot blur is greatest
A
directly along the course of the central ray
B
toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam
C
toward the anode end of the x-ray beam
D
as the SID is increased
B
-
A quantity of medication introduced intravenously over a period of time is termed
A
an IV push.
B
an infusion.
C
a bolus.
D
a hypodermic.
B
-
Hysterosalpingography may be performed for demonstration of
- uterine tubal patency
- mass lesions in the uterine cavity
- uterine position
A
1 and 2 only
B
1 and 3 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
The medical term for nosebleed is
A
vertigo.
B
epistaxis.
C
urticaria.
D
aura.
B
-
If the exposure rate to a body standing 7 ft from a radiation source is 140 mR/h, what will be the dose to that body at a distance of 8 ft from the source in 30 minutes?
A
182.8 mR
B
107 mR
C
91.4 mR
D
53.6 mR
D
-
Early symptoms of acute radiation syndrome include
- leukopenia
- nausea and vomiting
- cataracts
A
1 and 2 only
B
2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
2 and 3 only
A
-
Figure 7–5 illustrates which of the following?
A
Screen resolution test
B
Nine-penny test
C
Collimator accuracy test
D
Focal-spot size test
C
-
Exposed silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver by the
A
preservative
B
reducers
C
activators
D
hardener
B
-
A radiographer has recently joined your staff. You are aware that this individual has had her ARRT certification revoked. Realizing that your state requires certification, you speak to a supervisor about the matter. Your supervisor replies that he knows but made an exception "because we are so short staffed." You should
A
report this to the next supervisor in charge.
B
report this to the facility administrator.
C
report this directly to the ARRT.
D
do and/or say nothing.
C
-
What is the approximate ESE for the average AP lumbar spine radiograph?
A
30 rad
B
30 mrad
C
300 rad
D
350 mrad
D
-
A patient in a recumbent position with the head lower than the feet is said to be in which of the following positions?
A
Trendelenburg
B
Fowler
C
Sims
D
Stenver
A
-
An exposure was made using 600 mA, 0.04-s exposure, and 85 kVp. Each of the following changes will serve to decrease the radiographic density by one-half except change to
A
1/50-s exposure
B
72 kVp
C
18 mAs
D
300 mA
C
-
During atrial systole, blood flows into the
- right ventricle via the mitral valve
- left ventricle via the bicuspid valve
- right ventricle via the tricuspid valve
A
1 only
B
1 and 2 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
C
-
The effects of radiation on biologic material depend on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time, the effect
A
will be greater than if it were delivered all at one time
B
will be less than if it were delivered all at one time
C
has no relation to how it is delivered in time
D
depends solely on the radiation quality
B
-
The following instructions should be given to a patient following a barium sulfate contrast examination:
- Increase fluid and fiber intake for several days.
- Changes in stool color will occur until all barium has been evacuated.
- Contact a physician if no bowel movement occurs in 24 hours.
A
1 only
B
2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3
D
-
Two film–screen images of the skull are shown in Figure 4–10. Which of the following best describes their different appearance?
From the American College of Radiology Learning File. Courtesy of the ACR.
A
Image B was made using a grid.
B
Image A demonstrates higher contrast.
C
Image A demonstrates motion.
D
Image B demonstrates shape distortion.
B
-
Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the right apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae?
A
PA
B
Left lateral
C
RPO
D
LPO
C
|
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