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What is it called when each person has distinct gifts that we can learn to use creatively to form positive bonds with others
Therapeutic Use of Self
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Name 3 different types of relationships
- intimate
- social
- therapeutic
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What is a relationship that is primarily initiated for the purpose of friendship, socialization, enjoyment, or accomplishment of a task
social
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What type of relationship allows the nurse to maximize his or her communication skills, understanding of human behaviors, and personal strengths to enhance the patient's growth
therapeutic
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Name 5 necessary behaviors of health care workers:
- accountability
- focus on pt needs
- clinical competence
- delaying judgment
- supervision
-
What is a time limited relationship that can be substantial, useful, and important for the patient
therapeutic encounter
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What are 3 terms that boundaries can be thought in?
- Physical
- The contract
- Personal space
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Name two common circumstances in which boundaries are blurred.
- When relationship switches to social context
- When nurse needs are met at pt's expense
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Name 7 common countertransference reactions
- boredom
- rescue
- overinvolvment
- overidentification
- misuse of honesty
- Anger
- Helplessness/hopelessness
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What are abstract standards that represent an ideal, either positive or negative
value
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What type of relationship consists of a nurse who has skills and expertise and a patient who wants to alleviate suffering, find solutions to problems, explorer different avenues to increased quality of life, and/or find an advocate
professional nurse-pt relationship
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What phase the nurse-patient relationship occurs before actually meeting the patient
Preorientation phase
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What phase of the nurse-patient relationship can last a few meetings or extend over a long period, its the first time nurse and pt meet and where nurse conducts initial interview
Orientation phase
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What either stated or written contains the place, time, date, and duration of meetings?
contract
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What phase of the nurse-patient relationship allow the nurse and patient together identify and explorer areas that are causing problems in the patients life?
working phase
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What phase of the nurse-patient relationship occurs when the patient is discharged or when the student's rotation ends
termination phase
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What are 3 vital components for establishing a therapeutic relationship
- genuineness
- empathy
- positive regard
-
What is self-awareness of one's feelings as they arise within the relationship and the ability to communicate them when appropriate
Genuineness
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What is the complex multidimensional concept in which helping the person attempts to understand the world from the patient's perspective
Empathy
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Difference between empathy and sympathy
- empathy: understand
- Sympathy: pity
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What is the ability to view another person as being worthy of caring about and as someone who has strengths and achievement potential
Positive regard
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What is a special kind of listening that refers to an intensity of presence or being with the patient
attending
-
What are psychological or physical stimuli that are incompatible with current functioning and require adaptation
Stressors
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What effect does fight or flight have on vitals
Increased BP, HR, and CO
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Name the 3 stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
- Alarm
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
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What stage of GAS is the initial, brief, and adaptive response to a stressor
Alarm
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What are the 3 principle responses in Alarm Stage of GAS
- Sympathetic (increased vitals, release adrenalin, pupil dilation, blood shunted from digestive/kidneys)
- Corticosteroids (Increase muscle endurance)
- Endorphins (Reduce pain from injury)
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What stage is of GAS is extremely intense, no organism can sustain this level of reactivity very long?
Resistance
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What stage of GAS is also known as adaptation stage
resistance
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What stage of GAS occurs when attempts to resist the stressor prove futile?
Exhaustion
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What is a negative draining of energy that results in anxiety, depression, confusion, helplessness,, hopelessness, and fatigue
Distress
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What is a positive, beneficial energy that motivates and results in feelings of happiness, hopefulness, and purposeful movement
Eustress
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What focuses on the interaction between psychological process and nervous and immune functions
psychoneuroimmunology
-
Name 6 effective stress busters
- sleep
- exercise (aerobic)
- Reduce Caffiene
- Music
- Pets
- Massage
-
What premise believes that anxiety results in tense muscles, one way to decrease anxiety is to nearly eliminate muscle contraction (Tense as tight as possible for 8 seconds, than relax)
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)
-
What is a discipline that trains the mind to develop greater calm then using that calm to bring penetrative insight into one's experience
meditation
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Name the steps of relaxation response
- shoulders
- hands
- forehead
- eyes
- jaw
- breathe
-
What areas of the brain are activated in a default network of mind wandering
medial prefrontal cortex and memory regions like hippocampus
-
What areas of the brain are activated in a direct experience of mindfulness
- Insular cortex (body sensation and self)
- Anterior cingulate cortex (attention/focus)
-
What is the goal of cognitive reframing
change the individual's perception of stress by reassessing a situation and replacing irrational beliefs
-
What is the style of behavior a child habitually uses to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment
temperament
-
Name the types of assessment data
- hx of present illness
- developmental hx
- developmental assessment
- neurobiological assessment
- medical hx
- fx
- mental status assessment
-
What type of therapy involves using literature to help the child express feelings in a supportive environment, gain insights into feelings and behaviors, and learn new ways to cope with difficult situations
Bibliotherapy
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What is a deficit in language skills acquisition that creates impairments in academic achievement, socialization, or self-care?
communication disorders
-
When are specific learning disorders identified
during the school years
-
What is difficulty in reading? Math? Writing?
- dyslexia
- dyscalculia
- dysgraphia
-
What are disorders characterized by deficits in 3 areas (intellect, social, practical)
Intellectual development disorders
-
What are complex, neurobiological and developmental disabilities that typically appear during the first 3 years of life (affects normal development of brain in social interaction and communication)
Autism spectrum disorders
-
What disorder is characterized by repetitive speech, use of objects, overadherence to routine or rituals, fixations with particular objects, hypo-hyper reactivity to sensory input, and extreme resistance to change
Autism
-
What kind of meds are most popular for individuals with autism
SSRI
-
What disorder is characterized by inappropriate degree of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity
ADHD
-
What is the criteria for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD
- sx present in two settings (home and school)
- Sx occur before age 12
-
What disorder can contribute to low frustration tolerance, temper outbursts, labile moods, poor school performance, peer rejection, and low self-esteem
ADHD
-
What kind of drugs are used to treat ADHD and how?
- psychostimulant drugs
- Quickly increase attention span and task-directed behavior while reducing impulsivity, restlessness, and distractibility
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