-
Play is a chid's ____
- WORK
- -how they learn
- -how they express themselves
- -how they comfort themselves
-
Functions of PLAY
Sensorimotor (books with texture)
Intellectual (putting blocks in a square)
Socialization and Moral Development (sharing)
Creativity
Self-Awareness (baby looking in mirror...identify self as separate from parent..beginning of cognitive thought)
Therapeutic
-
Head circumference should be measured for the first ____ years of a child's life
1-2 years
-
Infant weight gain:
- 5-7 oz per week (1/2 pound a week)
- Doubled by 6 months
- Tripled by 1 year
- Quadrupled by 2 years
-
Infant Height growth:
1 inch per month for first 6 months
-
Sensory changes that occur in infant:
Auditory (at adult level during infancy already)
- Visual
- -6 weeks: binocular vision still developing (cross eyed)
-4 months: well established
-7-9 months: gradually improves over 3 years; depth perception gets better (stereopsis)
-
Poor or Absent Stereopsis (depth perception) is usually due to:
Childhood Amblyopia
-
Fine and Gross motor development in an infant occurs:
Cephalocaudal- proximal distal
(developmental sequence is predictable...we can tell the mom what baby will be likely doing next)
-
Fine Motor Development: Grasping with whole hand
2-3 months
-
Fine Motor Development: transferring objects
7 months
-
Fine Motor Development: Pincer Grasp
10 months
-
Fine Motor Development: Building a tower of 2 blocks
12 months
-
Gross Motor Development: Rolling Over
5-6 months
(back to tummy first...once they can flip themselves back and forth it doesn't matter how they fall asleep at night)
-
Gross Motor Development: Sit alone
7 months
Tripod sitting around 5-6 months
-
Gross Motor Development: Prone to sitting position
10 months
-
As gross motor skills progress risk for ____ increases
Injury!
-
Stages of Head Control of Infant (SUPINE):
- Complete head lag - 1 month
- Partial head lag - 2 months
- Almost NO head lag- 4 months
-
Stages of Head control in Infant (PRONE)
Momentarily lifts head - 1 month
Lifts head/chest 90 degrees and bears weight- 4 months
Head/chest/abdomen - 6 months
-
Stages of Sitting for infant:
Back is rounded, no ability to sit up - 1 month
More controlled, still rounded, pull up with some head control - 2 months
Back is rounded only in lumbar, infant able to sit up with good head control- 4 months
Sit alone, leaning on hands for support - 7 months
Sit without support - 8 months
-
"Locomotion" development levels for infant:
- Crawling- 6-7 months
- Creeping- 9 months
- Walk with assist- 11 months
- Walk alone- 12 months (be aware in hospital)
-
Infant crawls with abdomen on floor and pulls self forward at ___ months
7 months
-
Infant creeps on hands and knees at ___ months
9 months
-
Infants can stand and hold on to furniture at ___ months
9 months
-
Infants bear full weight on feet at ___ months
7 months
-
Infants take deliberate steps while standing at ___ months
10 months
-
Play for infant is :
Solitary
-
Psychosocial level for Infant:
Trust/Mistrust
-
Cognitive development for Infant:
- Sensorimotor
- -separation from self (3-4 months)
- -object permanence (9 months)
- -symbols/words (9-12 months)
-
Example of infant solitary play leading to self-identity
Infant looking in mirror
-
Social development of Infant:
- Attachment-- whoever gives most care
- Separation Anxiety-- encourage parents to stay
- Stranger Anxiety-- 8 to 9 months
**PLAY as major socialization agent
-
Stranger Anxiety usually occurs:
8-9 months
-
First verbal communication
Crying
-
By age 1, infants usually know ___ words with meaning
3-5 words
**check hearing if baby isn't really babbling or talking by 1 year
-
Ways to promote optimum health during infancy: NUTRITION
Nutrition: encourage mom not to change formulas even if baby is spitting up
Introduce solid foods (rice cereal)...inform mom to check labels and introduce foods one at a time to watch for allergies
Weaning from breast/bottle: 9-10 months
-
Head Circumference measurements of Infant:
- 1/2 inch per month
- 1/4 inch per month until 6 months
-
Calculation of approximate adult height:
- Add mother's and father's height
- Add 5 inches for boys/ Subtract 5 for girls
- Divide by 2
-
Teething rule of thumb:
Ages in months minus 6
IE: 8 months = 2 teeth
-
Pain management for teething:
- Oragel
- Cold teething rings
- Baby tylenol (10/mg/kg/DOSE)...no ibuprofen until > 6 months (5mg/kg/DOSE)
-
____ most variable part of development
Teething
(child should NOT run fever, diarrhea, etc when teething)
-
Dental Care for Infant:
1st Cleaning recommended at 6 months
Use baby toothbrush or finger cotton/wash cloth
***if living in rural area, use supplemental fluoride (.25mg/daily)
-
Major ways to prevent dental caries:
- Fluoride
- Brushing
- *nothing to drink at bedtime!!!
-
Babies typically sleep ___ hours /day
15
-
Places for Immunization Recommendations:
CDC (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
ACIP (advisory committee on immunization)
Committee on Infectious Diseases of AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) -- "The Red Book"
-
"LIVE" Vaccines for Infants:
- MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
- Varicella
- Sometimes Flu Mist
-
DTaP
- Diptheria, Tetanus, a-cellular Pertussis
- (injection)
-
IPV
- Inactivated Polio Virus
- (injection)
-
HIB
Hemophaleous Influenza B (meningitis and ear infections)
-
RV immunization
Rota Virus
-
PCV immunization
Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine
-
Contradiction for ANY vaccine:
Anaphylactic reaction (life-threatening)
-
Contraindication for LIVE attenuated vaccines:
Immunocompromised Individuals
-
Generally if a child has a MILD illness with a temp ____ a vaccine CAN be given
<100.9
(use clinical judgment of course)
-
VAERS
- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
- (report any adverse reaction after vaccine administration)
-
Information that must be given to parents before administration of vaccine to child; Provides updated information for parent or guardian of child being vaccinated
VIS- Vaccine Information Statements
-
Major ways to prevent injuries to infant:
- Aspiration - cut and peel food
- Suffocation - monitor crib
- Motor Vehicle Injuries
- Falls
- Poisoning
- Burns
- Drowning
|
|
