-
cromolyn MOA
inhibits mast cell degradation
-
nedocromil MOA
inhibits mast cell degradation
-
Rb active and inactive form
- active hypophosphorylate
- inactive is hyperphosphorylate
-
inherited disease caused by defective DNA repair
- 1- ataxia telangiectasia ( DNA hypersensitive to ionizing radiation)
- 2- Xeroderma pigmentosum (DNA HS to UV light)
- 3- Fanconi anemia ( HS of DNA to cross linking agents)
- 4- Bloom syndrome ( gen. chromosomal instability)
- 5- HNPCC ( DNA mismatch repair enzyme)
-
disinfectants
Alcohol MOA
- disruption of cell memb
- Denaturation of proteins
- no sopricidal
-
disinfectants
Chlorhexidine
- disruption of cell memb
- Coagulation of cytoplasm
- no sopricidal
-
disinfectants
H2O2
- produces destructive free radicals tat oxidize cellular components
- Sporicidal
-
disinfectants
Iodine
Halogenation of proteins and nucleic acids
Sporicidal
-
Eisenmenger syndrome
- characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of blood through a systemic-to-pulmonary circulation connection.
- The development of pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting of blood, resulting in an increase in red blood cell due to chronic hypoxemia.
-
- A) globus pallidus
- B) Putamen
- C) Internal capsule
- D) Caudate nucleus
- E) Amygdala
-
Dystonia
a neurological movement disorder that produces a variety of abnormal movements in the body -involves sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures
-
myoclonus
- A sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movement caused by muscular contractions or inhibitions
- example: physiologic: Hiccups and hypnic jerks. pathologic: epilepsy and CJ disease
-
mutation in the Kozak sequence of the beta-globin gene is associated w?
thalassemia intermedia
-
succinylcholine SE
- -malignant hyperthermia (specially w halothane) in genetically susceptible pt.s.
- -severe hyperkalemia in pt.s w burns, myopathies, crush injuries, & denervation
- -bradycardia from parasympathetic stimulation or tachycardia from sympathetic ganglionic effects
-
osteocytes remain connected to each other by...
Gap junction
-
retroperitoneum structures
major vessels?
solid organs?
hollow organs?
msk?
- - abdominal aorta, IVC and branches
- - pancreas(except the tail) , kidneys, adrenal glands
- - part 2&3 and a portion of part 4 of the duodenum, the ascending and descending colon, rectum, ureters and bladder
- - vertebral column and pelvic muscles
-
pt w osteoporosis treated with hormone replacement therapy containing estrogen and progesterone this can increase level of____
- total T4 butt thyroid func remains normal
- TBG increases --> inc T4 level
-
-
biotin is necessary in what reaction
- acts as CO2 carrier on any carboxylase enzyme
- like: pyruvate to oxaloacetate (Pyruvate carboxylase)
- acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl carboxylase, beta methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase,
-
nitroprusside overdose tx
sulfur/ sodium thiosulfate
-
meniere's disease ss and cause
- tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss
- increase volume and pressure of endolymph in the vestibular apparatus
-
septic shock and cachexia induced by
-
feature of hepatic encephalopathy
precipitating factors
-
feature of hepatic encephalopathy
treatment
-
feature of hepatic encephalopathy
clinical presentation
-
mitochondrial diseases are
- -Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
- -myoclonic epilepsy
- -mitochondrial encephalopathy
-
mitochondrial diseases expansion variability is due to
Heteroplasmy
-
Human multidrug resistant (MDR1) gene codes for P-glycoprotein, which is a
transmembrane ATP-dependent efflux pump protein that has abroad specificity for hydrophobic compounds. it reduce the influx and increase efflux --> prevents the action of chemotherapeutic agents
-
hyperammonemia and high orotic acid in urine is defect in
Ornithine transcarboamoylase
-
hyperammonemia w no orotic acid in urine defect is in
carbamoyl phosphate synthase or N-acetylglutamate synthase
-
in utero: failure of recanalization cause
duodenal atrasia
-
in utero: improper rotation and fusion of GI cause
pancreas divisum (silent) or Annular pancreas ( can cause duodenal stenosis.
-
in utero: vascular occlusion can cause
apple peel atresia, blind-ending
-
E-coli virulence factors (6)
-
what are the major risk factor for adult ARDS?
Sepsis and shock
-
hospitalized and severely ill pt w upper right abdominal//subcostal pain and fever
dx?
acute acalculous cholecystitis/ acute inflammation of the gallbladder in absence of stone
-
-
-
Sickle cell disease manifestations
- 1) Hemolysis
- 2) vasoocclusive symptoms
- 3) Infections (due to asplenic)
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