hydramniosis is associated with malformations of fetus ____ _____ system and G.I tract
central nervous system
placental functions
protection
nutrition
resspiration
ecretion
hormone production
RhoGAM is given to an Rh__ mother at ___ weeks gestation
negative
28 weeks
4 hormones produced by the placenta
progeterone
estrogen
hum chorionic gonadotropin hCG
human placental lactogen hPL
____ can reduce placental blood flow ( uterine atery. ( i'm look for the disorder/ disease
hypertension
Progesterone is produced by the __ ___ when woman is nor pregnant. WHEN pregnant its produced by the ____.
corpus luteum
placenta
During pregnancy the progesterone as these functions 4
maintain uterine lining for implantation of zygote
reduce uterine contractions
prepare the glands of the breast for lactation
stimulate testes to produce testosterone in male fetus & to develop its reproductive tract
Estrogen function during pregnancy
uterine growth
increase blood flow to uterine vessels
stimulate the development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation
this shunt diverts some blood away from the liver s it returns from the placenta
ductus venosus
this shunt diverts most blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium rather than circulating to the lungs
foramen ovale
diverts most blood from pulmonary artery into the aorta
ductus arteriousus
this shunt closes about 2 hrs after birth and permanently in 3 months
foramen ovale
this shunt closes within 15 hrs and permanently in about 3 weeks
ductus arteriousus
this shunt closes when the cord is cut and closes permanently in about 1 week
ductus venosus
the ___ and __ after permanent closure become ligaments
ductus venosus and arteriousus
what is the organogenesis period
the most critical time for fetal development, the first 8 weeks
neural tube defects can be prevented through the consumption of
folic acid
one neural tube defect is ___
spinal bifida
at the __ week of gestation fetal movement is not felt by the mother
14th
____ of ___ is when by 20 weeks gestation the fetus may survive outside the uterus
age of viability
week 4 fetal developement
cv: heart pumps blood
gi: esophagus and trachea separate and stomach forms
nervous: neural tube closes; forebrain forms
muscuskeletal: upper and lower limb buds appear
senses: ears and eyes begin to form
week 8 fetal development
heartbeat is detectable on sonography
embryo has human appearance
movements occur
tail gone
external and internal structures formed
enters fetal period
week 17 fetal development
gennitailia visble leg movements felt by mom
bones ossifid
eye movement
fetus sucks and swallows amniotic fluid
ovaries contain ova
no subcutaneous fat
thin skin vessels visible
fetus is viableweek 25 fetal development
wrinkled skin, lean body, stronger quickning
eyes open, ears can hear, lanugo covers body, brown fat formed, vernix caseosa present lungs secrete surfactant, fingernails present, resp movement begin
week 29 fetal development
fetus assumes stable cephalic position in utero, cns system functions, wrinkles are less b/c of subq fat increased surfactant spleen stops forming blood cells bone marrow take over instead
week 36 fetal development
sunq fat present, skin pink and smooth grasp reflex present circumference of head and and abd equal, surge of surfactant produced, lanugo decreased
__ and __ are necessary for oxygenation and exchange of waste products
placenta and vessels
umbilical ___ carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
vein
umbilical __ carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
arteries
opening between the right and left atria of the heart during fetal circulation
foramen ovale
ductus ___ connecting pulmonary aartey to the aorta
arteriosus
ductus __ fetal blood vessel connecting umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava
chromosomes are made up of__
DNA
XY chromosome produces a __
male
XX produces a__
female
__ prevent kinking of the umbilical cord
whartons jelly
changes in fetal circulation after/ at birth
-closing of the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus and foramen ovale
___ is how the body grows and replaces dead cells ( 46 chromosomes replicated)
mitosis
__ is when reproductive cells divde. number in each cell divided by half (23 chromosomes)
meosis
amount of amniotic fluid normally present at term
1000ml
stages of embryonic development in order
_formation of zygote
_fertilization
_blastocyst formation
_implantation
_morula formation
2-formation of zygote
1-fertilization
4-blastocyst formation
5-implantation
3-morula formation
reduced amount of whartons jelley will likely result in:
A) reduced o2 supply
primary problem if a newborn is born after 42 weeks gestation
reduced efficiency to placenta
the fetal heartbeat is first detectable on sonography at week__
