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Maximization of shareholder value
the ultimate goal of the management of a multinational firm to increase the vaule of the shareholder's investment as much as possible
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Net Present vaule (NPV)
The sum of the present valuesof all cash inflow investment project discounted of the cost of capital
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Capital Budget
The financial evaluation of a proposed investment to determine whether the expected returns are sufficient to justify the investment expenses
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Capital Outlaws
Upfront costs and expenses of a proposed investment
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operating Cash flows
Cash flows arising from the firm's everyday business activities
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Terminal Cash Flows
Salvage valueor resale value of the project at its termination
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Debt-Equity Stucture
A firm's combination of capital obtained by borrowing from others, such as banks (debts), and capital provided by owners (equity).
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Working Capital Management
The management of a firm's current assests (cash, accounts receivable, invenories) and current liabilities (accounts payable, short-term debt).
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Financing cash flows
The cash flows arising from the firm's funding activities
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Netting
Cash flow coordination between a corporation's global units so that only one smaller cashtransfer mustbe made
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Cash Pooling
Used by multinational firms to centralize individusl units' cash flows, resulting in less spending or foregone interest on unnecessary cash balances
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Leads
Paying a debt early to take advantage of exchange rates
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Lgs
Paying a debt late to take advantage of exchange rates
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Re-invoicing
The policy of buying goods from one unit, selling them to a second unit, and re-invoicing the sale to the next unit to take advantage of favorable exchange rates
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Internal Bank
A multinational firm's financial management tool that actually acts as a bank to coordinate finaances amoung its units
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Transaction exposer
The potenial for losses of gains when a firm is engaged in a transaction denominated in a foreign currency
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Natural Hedgin
The structuring of a firm's operations so that cash flows by currency, inflows against outflows, are matched
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Contractual Hedging
A multinational firm's use a contracts to minimize its transaction exposer
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Economic Exposure
The potenial for long term effects on a firm's value as the result of changing currency values
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Translation exposure
The potenial effect on a firm's financial statements of a change in a currency values
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Accounting Diversity
The range of Differences in national accounting practices
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Direct Taxes
Taxes applied directly to income
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indirect taxes
Taxes applied to non income items, such as value- added taxes, excise taxes, tariffs, and so on
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Value-added tax (VAT)
A tax on the value added at each stage of the production and distribution process; a tax assessed in the most European countries and also common amoung Latin American countries
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Letter of Credit (l/C)
Undertaking by a bank to amke payments to a seller upon completion of a set of agreed on conditions
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Bill of Lading
A contract between an exporter and a carrier has accepted responsibility for the goods and will provide transportation in return for payment
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Bank Draft
A financial withdrawl document drawn against a bank
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Trade Draft
A financial withdrawl document drawn against a company
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