What is the method for testing gram positive/negative?
Stain cells (on slide) in Crystal Violet for 1-2 minutes then pour off stain
Flood slide with Gram’s Iodine for 1-2 minutes
Wash slide briefly with acetone to decolorize (1-3 seconds)
Wash slide with water
Flood slide with Safranin Counterstain for 1-2 minutes.
Wash slide with water and then dry it.
Gram positive bacteria stain what color?
Purple
Gram negative bacteria stain what color?
Pink
What is the name of prokaryotic cell division?
Binary Fission
What are the steps of binary fission?
1) Chromosome
2) DNA duplicates
3) Cell grows and separates
4) two daughter cells
Name this structure.
Eukaryote
What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
What does hydrophillic mean?
water loving
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water fearing
What is nuclear membrane in eukaryotes?
porous lipid bilayer
What are chromosomes in eukaryotes?
DNA
What is endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes?
membranous network
What is golgi apparatus in eukaryotes?
transport to cell exterior
What are mitochondria used for in Eukaryotes?
Respiration
What are centrioles used for in eukaryotes?
nuclear division
What is cilia used for in eukaryotes?
movement
What are microtubules used for in eukaryotes?
division
What is the name of eukaryotic cell division?
The Cell Cycle
What are the parts of the cell cycle?
Mitosis, cytokinesis, and interphase
Which has a larger overall diameter?
a) prokaryote
b) eukaryote
b) eukaryote
Which has a thicker outer structure?
a) prokaryote
b) eukaryote
a) prokaryote
What options are their for the capsid of a virus?
•Icosahedral
•Helical
•Complex
Name this structure.
Enveloped Virus
Name this structure.
Non-Enveloped Virus
What is the name of the virus life cycle?
the lytic cycle
What are the stages of the lytic cycle?
What are the functions of the cell/plasma membrane?
Separates interior/exterior
Allows nutrients to enter
Keeps out unwanted molecules
Transports waste out of cell
Separates ions on either side
Prevents metabolites from exiting cell
Site for reactions of surface proteins/enzymes
What is the main component in lipids?
fatty acids
Name 3 types of transport across membranes.
1) Diffusion (passive diffusion)
2) Active Transport
3) Facilitated Transport (diffusion)
What classifies diffusion?
No metabolic energy expended
Direction is down concentration gradient
Membrane limits rate
Water movement is a special case
What classifies active transport?
Cell expends energy,
Movement against concentration gradient
What classifies facilitated transport?
No energy expended
Movement down concentration gradient
Describe Diffusion of Water.
Membrane lipids are fluid like
Lipids are constantly moving
Water enters cells through transient gaps in the bilayer structure that allow passage
Water also enters through membrane proteins
What is the driving force osmotic flow?
The gradient of water molecules across the membrane
Define isotonic solution.
If dissolved species per unit volume in one solution is equal to the another, then the solutions are isotonic
Define hypotonic solution.
Dissolved species per unit volume is less than in a comparison solution. Solution with fewer dissolved species is hypotonic relative to the other solution.
Define hypertonic solution.
Dissolved species per unit volume is greater than a comparison solution. Solution with more dissolved species is hypertonic relative to the other solution.
True or False: Most mammalian cells and bacterial cells thrive in isotonic environments.
True
What allows plants to stand up?
Turgor pressure
Give an example of active transport.
Sodium Potassium Pump
Author
engmaster
ID
293500
Card Set
Eng Bio Cells and Their House Keeping Functions Notes
