Unit 1 Intro to Pathology

Any abnormal change in the function or structure of the body as a result of some type of injury

the study of disease processes

sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes known as manifestations

how a disease presents itself

The patient's perception of the disease that has subjective manifestations

an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during examination

a group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbances

the study of the cause of a disease

no cause for disease can be identified

disease that is acquired from the environment of the hospital

adverse responses that occur from medical treatment itself

a disease that has a quick onset and lasts a short period of time

a disease that occurs more slowly and lasts a very long time

name of the disease

the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease

lasting side effects from having an acute illness

the structure of cells or tissue

a disease process in which there is decrease in body tissue density

body tissue is altered by increasing the normal tissue density

investigation of disease in large groups

the number of cases of a disease found in a given population

the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period

diseases of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism is commonly found

excessive prevalence or an outbreak of disease in the same geographical area

a widespread epidemic, that is, a disease or outbreak that affects very high proportions of the populations throughout the world.

the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a population

the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individuals normal daily routine

tracks, monitors, and reports trends in health and aging.
responsible for trending morbidity rate.

collects death certificates from each state and publishes information on mortality statistics and trends

monitors and reports mortality rates in terms of leasing cause of death, according to sex, race, age, and specific causes of death such as heart disease or breast cancer

an international coding system or standard diagnostic classification system used to report causes of death
-classify diseases and other health problems

Leading causes of death in the U.S

over the past nine years,mortality rates for cancer, heart disease and HIV have

mortality rates for diabetes mellitus and Alzheimers has

ages 1-44 leading cause of death

the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a period of time

goals of the human genome project (1990-2003)

generalized decrease in cell size

generalized increase in cell size

absence of tumor cell differentiation, loss of cellular organization

an increase in the number of cells in tissues as a result of excessive proliferation

conversion of one cell type into another cell type that is not normal for that tissue

abnormal changes of mature cells

six disease classifications

present at birth
-genetic or environmental causes

developmental disorders passed down from parents and acestors

results from the body's reaction to a localized injurious agents

three types of inflammatory diseases

from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria or fungi

results from poisoning by biologic substances

are an overreaction of the body's own defenses

antibodies are formed and act against and injure the patients own tissues

red skin

swelling

heat at site

pain

removal of dead cells and materials

an inflammatory process caused by a disease causing organism

inflammation cannot occur without

refers to the ease with which and organism can overcome the body's defenses

the function or structure of the tissue deteriorates

the physiologic processes reach a peak, and gradually fade until the body cant survive

factors affecting the aging process

diseases common with aging

disease caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body

the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body

metabolic functions are regulated by

the most common disturbance of fluid balance
insufficient intake of water or excessive loss of water

caused by mechanical factors, effects of ionizing radiation, or extreme hot or cold temperatures

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin

bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture

caused by alterations in cell growth, resulting in new abnormal tissue growth

do not necessarily become malignant but can be life threatening
remain localized and are generally noninvasive

continue to grow, spread, and invade other tissues
-exhibits loss of control of both cell proliferation and cell differentiation, changing its functional capabilites

a general term denoting various types of malignant neoplasms

refers to the process of cellular specialization
-difference between new cells and original cells is small
-low probability of malignancy

cells have atypical characteristics and have a high probability of malignancy

affecting blood and lymph

the spread of cancer cells

the spreading of cancer cells by the blood system

the spreading of cancer cells by the lymphatic systems

the lymph node the primary neoplasm drains

the spreading of cancer cells into the surrounding tissues because of close proximity of the area

cancer cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system

the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue, not the same as the general term cancer

a cancer which arises from connective tissues

cancer that arises from blood cells

cancer that arises from lymphatic cells

adeno

angio

chondro

fibro

hemangio

lipo

myo

neuro

osteo

treatment allows the patient to remain free of disease for five years or more

treatment that is designed to relieve pain when curing is not possible

a classification used to determine the appropriate treatment of cancer and to help in determining prognosis

T stands for and is measured how

N stands for and is measured how

M stands for and is measured how