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Reasons for the Age of Discovery
- Crusades
- Weapons
- Technology
- Christianity
- Direct Trade Route to Asia
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Pull factors for settlement in the colonies
- Word-of-mouth info about America
- Effective work and writing by recruiters
- Appeal of land and economic opportunities
- Desire to join earlier migrants to America
- Safe pursuit of personal religious beliefs
- Hope of educating & converting Indians
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Push factors for settlement in the colonies
- Escape religious persecution
- Anxiety about political change in Europe
- Dismay over economy; need for farmland
- Relief from joblessness or personal adversity
- Restlessness and desire for adventure
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Three types of colonies
- Royal - under control of the Crown
- Proprietary - owned by individuals or families
- Charter/Corporate - charters are issued in the name of a corporation of people (companies evolve into governments)
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Puritans vs Separatists
- Separatists believed in a total break from the Church of England, felt they had to share churches with the "damned", believed only visible saints should be admitted to church membership
- Puritans simply wanted to purify the Anglican Church bc they thought it was too Catholic, believed in predestination, were against religious tolerance, were practical, plain-spoken, business-like, & pious
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economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports
belief countries should do everything possible to increase their wealth
mercantilism
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British policy which allowed the colonies virtual self-rule as long as GB was gaining econoically
salutary neglect
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named in honor of the brother of the king, previously referred to as New Netherland
New York
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NA for "great mountain place"
Massachusetts
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Named for Virginia's colonial gov. along w/ ariver and the bay it empties into
Delaware
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Named for the father of this colony's founder and the Latin word for wood, Silva
Pennsylvania
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Named for either a famous island in the Mediterranean or for its red clay (the Dutch word Rood)
Rhode Island
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NA for "besides the long tidal river"
Connecticut
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Named for Queen Elizabeth I
Virginia
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Named for the wife of King Charles I
Maryland
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Named for a county in England
New Hampshire
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Named for King George II
Georgia
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Named after the largest of the English Channel islands
New Jersey
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Named for King Charles II
Carolinas
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Key Revolutionary War Battles:
Lexington
Concord
Bunker Hill
Trenton
Princeton
Saratoga
Yorktown
- Key Revolutionary War Battles:
- Lexington - LOST
- Concord - WIN
- Bunker Hill - LOST
- Trenton - WIN
- Princeton - WIN
- Saratoga - WIN - French Alliance
- Yorktown - Cornwallis surrenders
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Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
- unicameral congress [9 of 13 to pass a law]
- 13 out of 13 to amend
- representatives were frequently absent
- couldn't tax, raise armies, control trade, or coin currency [13 different currencies, trade almost impossible]
- no executive or judicial branches
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Washington's Cabinet
- Hamilton - secretary of treasury
- Jefferson - secretary of state
- Knox - secretary of war
- Randolph - 1st attorney general
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Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
- Federalists: favored ratification of Constitution
- Favored strong central govt.
- Many found in urban areas
- Better organized – built a nationwide network of support; Washington & Franklin
- helped
- Credited for the Constitution
- Washington, Madison, Hamilton
- Anti-Federalists: Believed
- the Constitution decreased power of the people
- Feared strong central govt.
- Many were common farmers who feared foreclosure
- State politicians struggled to build alliances across state lines
- Credited for the fed. Bill of Rights
- P. Henry, Sam. Adams, John Hancock
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Important precedents set by Washington
- Appointing a cabinet
- Handling Crisis: Whiskey Rebellion
- American neutrality
- State of the Union Address
- Stepping down from power – 2 terms
- Cautioned forming political parties
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Causes of War of 1812
- Napoleonic Wars - Br. vs Fr.
- Chesapeake-Leopard "Affair"
- The Embargo Act
- The Non-Intercourse Act
- Br. Instigation of Indians
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Characteristics of Era of Good Feelings
- one political party
- nationalism
- westward expansion
- economic prosperity
- industrial beginnings
- internal improvements
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Mexican War results
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago:
- Mexico gave up claims to Texas above Rio Grande Riv.
- Mex. gave US CA & NM - we basically take 1/3 of Mex.
- US gave Mex. $15 million & agreed to pay claims of American citizens against Mex.
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Characteristics of the Gilded Age
- 2-Party stalemate
- intense voter loyalty to the 2 major political parties
- well-defined voting blocs
- very laissez-faire fed. govt.
- presidency as symbolic office
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