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Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head)
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: medial half of clavicle
- Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (humerus)
- Action: adducts and medially rotates humerus ( Machine fly exercise)
- draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- clavicular head alone flexes humerus
lateral and medial pectoral nerves clavicular head C5, C6 
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Pectoralis Major (Sternocostal Head)
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
- Insertion:
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus - Action: adducts and medially rotates humerus
- draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- sternocostal head alone extends humerus from flexed position
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Pectoralis Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: ribs 3-5 near Costal Cartilages
- Insertion: Coracoid process (Not humerus)
- Action: stabilises scapula by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly
- Innervation: medial pectoral nerve (C8 and T1)
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Subclavius
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
- Origin: junction of 1st rib and 1st costal cartilage
- Insertion: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
- Action: anchors and depresses clavicle
- Innervation: nerve to subclavius (C5 and C6)
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Serratus Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: protract scapula,
- rotate scapula superiorly lower fibres
- hold scapula to thorax
- Innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
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Trapezius
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Origin: medial third of superior nuchal line - external occipital protuberance
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7 - T12
- Insertion: lateral third of clavicle,
- acromion
- spine of scapula
- Action: descending part elevates scapula
- ascending part depresses scapula
- descending and ascending together rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
- central fibres retract scapulaInnervation: spinal accessory nerve and C3-4
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Latissimus Dorsi
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
Origin: spinous processes of T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12 - Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus
- Action: extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
- Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7 and C8)
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Levator Scapulae
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Innervation:
- Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: elevate scapula
- rotate scapula inferiorly
- Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5), C3 and C4
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Rhomboid Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: major: T2 - T5
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: retract scapula
- rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
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Rhomboid Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: C7 and T1
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: retract scapularotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
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Deltoid
Action
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Deltoid (there is clavicular, middle and posterior/spinal)
- Origin:
lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula- Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
of humerus- Actions:
anterior fibres flex and medially rotate arm-
posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate arm- all fibres are active in abduction
- Innervation:
axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
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Supraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
- Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: initiates abduction
- maintains apposition of head of humerus and glenoid cavity during motion
- Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6)
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Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
Infraspinatus Origin:
Teres Minor Origin
Insertion of Both
Action
Innervation of Infraspinatus
Innervation of Teres Minor
- Infraspinatus Origin: infraspinous fossa
- Teres Minor Origin: middle part of lateral border of scapula
- Insertion of Both: greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: lateral rotation of humerus
- maintains apposition of head of humerus and glenoid cavity during motion
- Innervation Of Infraspinatus: suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6)
- Innervation Of Teres minor: axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
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Subscapularis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: subscapular fossa
- Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
- Action: medial rotation of humerus
- maintains apposition of head of humerus and glenoid cavity during motion
- Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7)
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Teres Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
- Origin: inferior angle of scapula
- Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- Actions: adducts and medially rotates humerus
- Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
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