GBR - LECTURE 2

GROUPS JOINING FORCES WITH A COMMON INTEREST

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GROUPS FORMED TO INFLUENCE GOVT POLICY AND/OR TO PROMOTE AND PROTECT GENERAL OR SPECIFIC INTERESTS

• PROMOTE/PROTECT ON BEHALF OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE
• OPEN MEMBERSHIP
• FREQUENTLY LACK ECONOMIC RESOURCES

• PROMOTE/PROTECT INTERESTS OF MEMBERS
• RESTRICTED MEMBERSHIP
• OFTEN POSSESS ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RESOURCES

• LITTLE ACCESS TO GOVT
• FEW ECONOMIC RESOURCES
• CONCENTRATE ON GENERATING PUBLIC SUPPORT/SYMPATHY

• EASY ACCESS TO GOVT
• CONSIDERABLE ECONOMIC RESOURCES
• USE LESS OBVIOUS TACTICS

ANY ACTIVITY DESIGNED TO INFLUENCE POLICY

ORGANISATIONS THAT CONDUCT RESEARCH AND ENGAGE IN ADVOCACY, IN AREAS OF PUBLIC POLICY

• BUILD SOCIAL CAPITAL
• REPRESENT WIDER COMMUNITY CONCERNS
• REDRESS GOVT OVERSIGHT
• ENCOURAGE GRASSROOTS PARTICIPATION
• PROVIDE INFORMATION/RESEARCH

• SUPPORT PRIVATE NOT COMMUNITY INTEREST
• UNDEMOCRATIC
• SELF, NOTCOMMUNITY INTERESTED
• RICH AND CORPORATE INTERESTS DOMINATE

ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO INFLUENCES THE POLITICAL PROCESS TO SOME EXTENT

A GROUP OF LIKE-MINDED PEOPLE WHO COME TOGETHER WITH THE AIM OF INFLUENCING THE POLITICAL PROCESS PRIMARILY THROUGH THE CONTESTING ELECTIONS

FORMED TO WORK IN TERESTS OF GROUPS IN SOCIETY

ORGANISATION DESIGNED TO BE ALL THINGS TO ALL PEOPLE

A NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES WHERE EACH PARTY RESPONDS TO THE ACTIONS AND IDEAS OF OTHER PARTIES

• DOMINANT
• TWO
• MULTI

DIFFERENCES IN PARTY SYSTEMS PARTLY EXPLAINED BY DIFFERENCES IN VOTING METHODS USED FOR ELECTIONS

• SIMPLE PLURALITY
• PREFERENTIAL
• PROPORTIONAL

LEADING CANDIDATE ELECTED, WINNER ONLY REQUIRES SIMPLE MAJORITY

VOTERS RANK ALL CANDIDATES IN PREFERENCE ORDER; WINNER MUST CAPTURE 50%+1

INDIVIDUAL CHOICES TRANSLATED DIRECTLY INTO NUMBER OF POSITIONS

FINANCIALLY